Francine Shapiro Library: EMDR Bibliography
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1. AACAP Official Action. (1998, September). Summary of the practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(9), 997-1001.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This summary provides an overview of the assessment and treatment recommendations contained in the Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Major recommendations include the use of clinical interviewing with specific questioning about posttraumatic stress symptoms to diagnose this disorder; recognition of developmental considerations that may impact on how posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms manifest in children; and the use of trauma-focused treatment interventions. Limitations and controversies regarding the present state of knowledge in the area of childhood posttraumatic stress disorder are also discussed.
Keywords: Practice Guidelines PTSD Children Adolescents
2. Aasen, B. (2007, June). When traumatization continues: The combined use of resource development and installation and EMDR standard protocol in the treatment of children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: When children (or adults) in treatment continue to be traumatized, the general rule is to assure that they are safe from further traumatization, before applying the EMDR standard protocol to these experiences. Stopping traumatization is of course always a primary objective, but it is unfortunately not always possible to do so in a complete fashion. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) can be a viable protocol to use in this type of situation. RDI does however have its limitations, as it does not process trauma.
This paper investigates how the EMDR standard protocol can be adopted to situations of continued traumatization, balanced with the use of RDI. This will be illustrated by a case presentation of the treatment of an 11-year old bullied boy. Video tapes of some of the sessions will be shown. A complete session according to the standard protocol, ending up with SUD=0, VoC=7 can not be obtained with continued traumatisation. However, this presentation will illustrate how SUDs can be lowered in relation to specific situations and how there can be a shift in negative cognitions. The presentation will also show how processing can be alternated with RDI, to increase the client’s ability to cope with the ongoing stressful situation. The combination of RDI and standard protocol resulted in positive treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Children Resource Development and Installation RDI
3. Abruzzese, M. (1993, March). Children: Tourette’s disorder. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Keywords: Tourette's Disorder Children
4. Abruzzese, M. (1995, June). Use of EMDR with disruptive behavior disorders. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Disruptive behavior disorders such as Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Tourette's Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder and, to a lesser extent, some children with Bipolar Disorder, are among the most difficult conditions for clinicians to treat. The difliculty is two-fold: Clinicians must find the balance between developing a rapport and working with the disruptive child while also addressing the concerns of the parents who may be beyond their level of tolerance and looking for prompt improvement and frequently the child's very diagnostic condition - disruptiveness - may prevent the child from willingly participating in the treatment, despite the good rapport that the child and clinician may have. EMDR is, a technique which has shown great promise in helping children who are 'stuck' break through their own stubbornness and disruption to help them achieve a sense of self-control, insight and self-confidence. It also provides parents with reason to hope that a prompt improvement maybe possible. The essential aspect of successful utilization of EMDR with disruptive disorders resides in the creativity of the clinician and the modfication of the standard EMDR protocol. Using EMDR with children, especially with young children, requires a nonstandard administration only loosely based on the standard protocol. Children often won't - or can't - verbalize cognition's or adequately employ SUDS scales reliably. Disruptive children may have access to their cognitions, but may decline to cooperate with clinicians. The key in using EMDR with Children - as with many other techniques employed in treating children - is to make -the technique challenging or fun or maybe a bit mysterious, depending upon the presentation of the child and his or her ability to take some responsibility for the treatment process. The key with disruptive children is knowing how to combine EMDR usage with engagement of the difficult child. This workshop explores the use of such nonstandard EMDR administrations as auditory cueing and hand tapping and will review how EMDR has been used to engage very difficult children. The presentation will include both successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome, focusing on the identification of hidden handicaps which could prevent engagement of a diflicult child and techniques on how to overcome those handicaps to help the child to help him or herself.
Keywords: Disruptive Behavior Disorder Children
5. Abruzzese, M. (1996). Using EMDR to help children. Paper presented at a Level II EMDR Training, EMDR Institute, Inc., Pacific Grove, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Child-driven treatment: Rapport, consent, parental involvement
Keywords: Children Level II Specialty Training
6. Abruzzese, M. (1994, March). Children: Tourette’s disorder. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Tourette's Disorder Children
7. Abruzzese, M., Goodwin, A., Greenwald, E., Lovett, J., Tinker R., & York, C. (1996, June). The future of EMDR for children and adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Adolescents
8. Adler-Nevo, G., & Manassis, K. (2005, September). Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: The neglected field of single-incident trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 22(4), 177-189.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Despite the prevalence of childhood trauma, studies regarding psychotherapy for children suffering from PTSD are scarce, especially regarding the treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. Treatment practices for this population rely mainly on the paradigms of therapy for adult PTSD and pediatric PTSD following sexual abuse. This review outlines the studies published in the last 10 years pertaining to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. This is done in the context of available literature on the paradigms mentioned above. Of 742 articles dealing with treatment of pediatric trauma, 10 were found relevant to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. The modalities of treatment most frequently reported in this context were cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and play therapy. As a whole, CBT studies were methodologically more rigorous, used manualized, reproducible treatment, and were group, school-based therapies. EMDR treatments were usually short and individual. Most studies showed statistically significant improvement but were still methodologically lacking. We conclude that research on the subject of treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma constitutes a neglected part of the study of pediatric PTSD. This stands in contrast to the obvious prevalence of this type of trauma. We encourage future research that will address issues such as clarifying the role of pharmacotherapy, comparing different modes of treatment, dismantling treatment "packages", researching developmentally sensitive treatments, conducting long-term follow-up, and comparing different PTSD populations. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Literature Review Case Studies Psychotherapy School Age Children Adolescents Pediatric PTSD Stressors Survivors Cognitive Therapy Play Therapy Treatment Effectiveness Review
9. Adler-Tapia, R. (2006, September). From research to practice: What the research has taught us about training therapists to use EMDR with young children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Our initial research study explored the therapist's ability to demonstrate fidelity to the EMDR protocol with young children. While data collection focused on documenting fidelity to the EMDR protocol, ancillary data emerged that identified skills and training that therapists needed in order to successfully implement the full EMDR protocol in the treatment of children. The preliminary content analysis of the data from the research group identified six major themes that impact treating childrcn with the full EMDR protocol that include therapist issues, client issues, treatment issues, parent/home environment issues, clinical environment issues and therapist training issues. This presentation will review the findings from the research with focus on teaching specific skills for therapists to improve their practice of using EMDR with young children. Therapists need to understand the implication of attachment and attunement in the therapeutic relationship, the impact of parents and the home environment on the treatment, and learn skills to teach children emotional literacy in order to improve the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of young children. This presentation will summarize the advanced skills that therapists working with young children will need after Part 11 training in EMDR. With consultation focused on EMDR and additional training in using EMDR with young children, the research study has demonstrated that therapists trained in child development and play therapy can successfully implement the full eight phases of EMDR with children.
Keywords: Children
10. Adler-Tapia, R. (2009, January). EMDR and the treatment of childhood depression: Findings from a pilot study. Paper presented at the 23rd Annual San Diego International Conference on Child & Family Maltreatment.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This article describes a study initially designed to assess the ability of therapists to adhere to the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol with children two to ten years of age. Child subjects in the study were administered pre and post test measures to assess for trauma, as well as, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Initial results indicate a reduction in depressive symptoms following the child subject’s participation in the EMDR research protocol. Even though the children in this study were identified victims of crime, the children did not demonstrate symptoms of post-traumatic stress based on standardized measures; however, the children did demonstrate symptoms consistent with depression. After participating in the research protocol, the children’s depressive symptoms were no longer exhibited at post-treatment assessment. This study is limited by the small number of children included in the study; however, the unanticipated treatment outcomes identified in this study suggest that future research needs to assess the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children displaying symptoms of childhood depression.
Keywords: Children Depression
11. Adler-Tapia, R. L., & Settle, C. S. ( ). EMDR and adaptive information processing theory: A comprehensive approach to child psychotherapy. Counselling Children and Young People.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Whether you are first learning about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or you have participated in EMDR training, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with a brief overview of strategies for using the full protocol with young children. To understand the process by which the phases of the protocol are applied with child clients, it is important to understand the theoretical underpinnings that Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory creates as a foundation for healing and health with children. After discussing the application of AIP to children, the chapter will continue with an overview of skills therapists can use to create a toolbox that can be integrated into the EMDR eight phase treatment protocol with references for additional study and training on using EMDR with children. Finally, therapists will begin to learn how to adapt the full EMDR protocol for effective psychotherapy through developmentally suited language and interventions with even the youngest of clients.
Keywords: Children Child Psychotherapy Adaptive Information Processing AIP
12. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2005, November). EMDR fidelity treatment manual: Children’s protocol. EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This manual is based on EMDR theory created by Dr. Francine Shapiro and documented in Dr. Shapiro’s Books (1995, 2001), the fidelity manual created by Korn, D.L. & Spinazzola, J. (January, 2001), and the fidelity scales created by Korn, D.L., Zangwill, W., Lipke, H. & Smyth, N. (January, 2001). All resources are documented in the reference section of this manual. [EMDR-HAP]
Final version for pilot study, November 15, 2005
13. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008, September). Advanced applications of EMDR in child psychotherapy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation is for therapists who have learned the basic EMDR protocol and are interested in expanding their skills in using EMDR in individual treatment with children. The presentation is focused on teaching therapists to use EMDR with specific childhood diagnoses or presenting problems, including children who are gifted and children who present with symptoms consistent with ADHD, dissociation, anxiety, attachment disorders, and sexual reactivity. Therapists will also learn how to use EMDR with regulatory issues in children including sleep issues and toilet training, as well as with behavioral issues, such as school phobias within AIP Theory.
Keywords: Children
14. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2009, August). Attachment, dissociation, and case conceptualization: Decision points in EMDR with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation will focus on illustrating decision points in EMDR in case conceptualization with children involving complex diagnoses. Videotapes will include sessions with young children diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attachment traumas, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), dissociation and other diagnoses. This is an interactive workshop where participants are encouraged to bring questions about the protocol and challenging issues in practice. Areas to be discussed: how attachment affects the progression of EMDR, at what point does dissociation impact the protocol, and at what point does the therapist consider installing mastery, resource development, or the Inverse Protocol.
Keywords: Attachment Dissociation Case Conceptualization Children Inverse Protocol
15. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008). EMDR and the art of psychotherapy with children. New York, NY: Springer Publishing. xxv, 408 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: In this book the authors present an overview of how therapists can get started in conceptualizing psychotherapy with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) methodology through Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory. The focus of the book is to teach therapists to effectively use the entire EMDR protocol with young children (Springer).
Keywords: Children
16. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008). EMDR and the art of psychotherapy with children manual. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co., 120 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This manual is based on EMDR theory created by Dr. Francine Shapiro and documented in Dr. Shapiro's books (1995, 2001), and serves as an adjunct to EMDR and the Art of Psychotherapy with Children (Springer).
Keywords: Children
17. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2009). EMDR Assessment and desensitization phases with children: Step-by-step directions. In M. Luber's (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 67-94). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Children Assessment Phase Desensitization Phase Protocol
18. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2009). Healing the origins of trauma: An introduction to EMDR in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. In A. Rubin & D. W. Springer (Ed.), Treatment of traumatized adults and children: Part of the clinician’s guide to evidence based practice series (pp. 349-418 ). New York, NY: Wiley. 408 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: tanztherapie
Keywords: Children Adolescents
19. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2005, September). Staying true to the model: Fidelity to the EMDR protocol with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop focuses on the efficacy of EMDR with children while demonstrating fidelity to the model. The presenters are conducting an EMDR fidelity study at ChildHelp, USA, and have written a treatment manual that provides specific languaging and tools for use with child clients. Participants will learn how to assess Sensory Integration Dysfunction and adjust the EMDR protocol while still maintaining fidelity to the model in order to improve processing for clients displaying SI issues. All interventions presented evidence the child's abilty to effectively participate in all phases of the EMDR model.
Keywords: Children Sensory Integration Dysfunction ChildHelp Fidelity Study
20. Adler-Tapia, R., Settle, C., & Onsager, D. (2004, September). Staying true to the model: Using the 8 phases of EMDR with children 2-10 years of age. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This half-day workshop focuses on how staying true to eight phases of the EMDR model will result in successful treatment outcomes with children ages 2-10. Participants will be provided with specific and creative bilateral techniques to use with children, and methods for identifying a child's PC, NC, VOC, and SUDS. Skills to utilize with children to further facilitate processing, including cognitive interweaves and resource installation techniques will be demonsuated. In addition, the efficacy of utilizing a parent co-therapist model will be established.
Keywords: Children
21. Adúriz, M. E., Bluthgen, C., & Knopfler, C. (2009, May). Helping child flood victims using group EMDR intervention in Argentina: Treatment outcome and gender differences. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(2), 138-153.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: A comprehensive group intervention with 124 children who experienced disaster-related trauma during a massive flood in Santa Fe, Argentina, in 2003 is illustrated, utilizing a one-session group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol. A posttreatment session was done 3 months after the treatment intervention to evaluate results. Results of this one-session treatment procedure, utilizing the EMDR-Integrative Group Treatment Protocol, showed statistically significant reduction of symptoms immediately after the intervention. These statistically significant differences were sustained at posttreatment evaluation 3 months later, as measured by psychometric scales, and by clinical and behavioral observation. Data analysis also revealed significant gender differences. Despite methodological limitations, this study supports the efficacy of EMDR group treatment in the amelioration and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, providing an efficient, simple, and economic (in terms of time and resources) tool for disaster-related trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Children Trauma Disaster Argentina Flood Victims
22. Ahmad, A., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2008, April). Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(3), 122-132.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Objective: To find out child-adjusted protocol for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Child-adjusted modification were made in the original adult-based protocol, and within-session measurements, when EMDR was used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on thirty-three 6–16-year-old children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: EMDR was applicable after certain modifications adjusted to the age and developmental level of the child. The average treatment effect size was largest on re-experiencing, and smallest on hyperarousal scale. The age of the child yielded no significant effects on the dependent variables in the study. Conclusions: A child-adjusted protocol for EMDR is suggested after being applied in a RCT for PTSD among traumatized and psychosocially exposed children (Springer).
Keywords: Children Psychotherapy Case studies Child Psychiatry RCT Trauma PTSD Empirical Study Quantitative Study Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
23. Ahmad, A., Larsson, B., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007). EMDR treatment for children with PTSD: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(5), 349-354.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: The objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with untreated children in a waiting list control group (WLC) participating in a randomized controlled superiority trial (RCT). Thirty-three 6-16-year-old children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD were randomly assigned to eight weekly EMDR sessions or the WLC group. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C scale) was used in interviews with children to evaluate their symptoms and outcome. Post-treatment scores of the EMDR group were significantly lower than the WLC indicating improvement in total PTSS-C scores, PTSD-related symptom scale, and the subscales re-experiencing and avoidance among subjects in the EMDR group, while untreated children improved in PTSD-non-related symptom scale. The improvement in re-experiencing symptoms proved to be the most significant between-group difference over time. The results of the present exploratory study including a limited number of children with PTSD are encouraging and warrant further controlled studies of larger samples of children suffering from PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Child EMDR PTSD RCT Trauma Empirical Study Quantitative Study Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
24. Alder-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2007). In pursuit of evident-based practice: Qualitative findings from a fidelity from a fidelity study of EMDR with children. (Accepted for Review).
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: PowerPoint Presentation
Robbie Adler-Tapia is a licensed psychologist who has worked with traumatized children and their families for twenty-three years. She is certified in EMDR, an EMDRIA Approved Consultant, an EMDR Institute Facilitator, an EMDR/HAP (Humanitarian Assistance Program) Trainer and works with the EMDR HAPKIDS Project. With the EMDR HAPKIDS Project, Dr. Adler-Tapia volunteers to assist with coordinating research, consultation, and training for therapists working with children internationally. Dr. Adler-Tapia has worked with the Gulf Coast project providing specialty training to therapists working with children impacted by Katrina and has provided specialty trainings about EMDR with children at the EMDRIA International Conference and at advanced week-end trainings. Dr. Adler-Tapia is co-author of the new book, EMDR and the Art of Psychotherapy With Children and accompanying treatment manual for clinicians. Dr. Adler-Tapia and Carolyn Settle, MSW have conducted a study on the ability of therapists to maintain fidelity to the EMDR protocol with children and have written a meta-analysis on the literature published on EMDR with children. In her private practice, Dr. Adler-Tapia integrates play therapy and art therapy into the EMDR protocol to work with children with attachment disorders and severe trauma. She also provides counseling, consultation and psychological services for children and families referred by Arizona Child Protective Services and to law enforcement professionals.
Keywords: Children Cognitions
25. Amendolia, R., & Morier, J. (1998, July). When right is might: The power of visual metaphor in EMDR treatment of children and adults. Paper presented at the annuual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will: 1)provide a theoretical assumptive base from which participants may derive a cognitive framework for understanding the interactive/synergistic treatment of two transformational therapeutic processes; 2) extend and deepen the particpants' understanding of this synergistic transformational process through audovisual and anecdotal case presentations of EMDR with Visual Metaphor treatment with children and adults; 3) further expand participants' clinical creativity and facility with innovative, safe and meaningful cognitive interweaves and elicitation of targets, affect and cognitions; and 4) introduce a pilot EMDR research protocol and preliminary data of treatment outcome with both children and adults based on the Narrative Constructionist theoretical and clinical model presented.
Keywords: Children Adults Metaphor
26. Amendolia, RA., & Morier, J. (1998, July). When right is might: The power of visual metaphor in EMDR treatment of children and adults. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will: 1) provide a theroretical assumptive base from which participants may derive a cognitive framework for understanding the interactive/synergistic treatment effects of two transformational therapeutic processes; 2) extend and deepen the participants' understanding of this synergistic transformational process through audiovisual and anecdotal case presentations of EMDR with Visual Metaphor treatment with children and adults; 3) further expand participants' clinical creativity and facility with innovative, safe and meaningful cognitive interweaves and elicitation of targets, effect and cognitions; and 4) introduce a pilot EMDR research protocol and preliminary data of treatment outcome with both children and adults based on the Narrative Constructionist theoretical and clinical moel presented.
Keywords: Narrative Constrictionism Visual Metaphor Cognitive Interweaves Affect Cognitions Research Protocol
27. Andonucci, H. (2004). The modifications of the EMDR protocol for sexually abused children. Alliant International University, San Francisco Bay. AAT 3133439.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: There is an increasing interest in using the procedures of EMDR with sexually abused children because of its effectiveness in treating PTSD and trauma in adults and children. Within the literature clinicians have reported modifications of the standard adult protocol originally developed by Shapiro in order to facilitate the therapy with children. To date, no study has investigated the actual modifications clinicians use when treating sexually abused children. A study was designed to elicit information about the actual use of such modifications from appropriately trained clinicians who work with sexually abused children 12 years and younger. A questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic information from therapists about their background and experience with abused children. An EMDR protocol modification survey was also created to elicit information about whether and how clinicians alter the standard EMDR protocol for use with abused children. Eight completed surveys were returned and the results of data analysis showed that clinicians do indeed modify the protocol as described and discussed. In particular, the results indicated the importance of modifications in the EMDR procedure for children and suggested important changes in the questionnaire that could be used for future data collection. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(5-B), 2004, pp. 2611.
Keywords: Child Abuse Rape Survivors School Age Children Psychotherapeutic Processes Empirical Study Qualitative Study
28. Ansorge, R. (1997, April 22). Taming the terror: Local therapists seek to ease children’s fears with a relatively new – and controversial - technique. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 1 [4 pages].
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: The Tibbetts (not their real name) credit EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing - a relatively new technique used on adults to defuse memories of traumatic events ranging from surgery and car accidents to combat and rape.
Keywords: Overview General Children Colorado Springs
29. Ansorge, R. (1999, April 6). New therapy may help traumatized children. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 1 [2 pages].
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: The therapy they used was EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing. During an EMDR session, therapists have patients recall the traumatic event. Then they rapidly wave their fingers back and forth in front of the patients' faces. EMDR proponents believe the finger-waving stimulates right-brain, left-brain activity, enabling patients to process memories of traumatic events and alleviate associated emotions of rage, terror and depression.
Keywords: Children Trauma Colorado Springs Sandra Wilson Bob Tinker
30. Appleyard, K. (2001). Book Review: Small wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR, by Joan Lovett. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(4), 512-514.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: In a time of increasing violence and recognition of the impact of trauma on children, clinicians and parents are seeking ways to help children manage the overwhelming thoughts and feelings of daily life. In Small Wonders, Joan Lovett, M.D., offers one method for healing childhood trauma through the use of a technique called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This book is well written, providing clear, concise, and “jargon-free” information to a wide audience—parents, clinicians, and general readers curious about trauma in childhood alike.
Keywords: Book Review Children Stressors Survivors
31. Armstrong, R. (2008, June). What do the children say? Traumatised children’s experience of EMDR therapy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This study explored experiences of children treated with Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The research aimed to understand more about salient aspects of the therapy such as needing therapy, parent support, the relationship with the therapist and the impact of the EMDR. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nine children across England and Scotland, aged 10 to 16 years who had completed EMDR therapy within the past two years. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to elucidate the participants’ understanding of the effect of the EMDR therapy on their recovery from PTSD. Three super-ordinate themes are identified which describe how the participants engaged in the therapy, were assisted to keep going and what they made of EMDR. Results suggest that difficulties in engaging in the therapy were overcome by determination to get better, support of family and friends, the credibility of the 37 therapist and starting to feel better after about two sessions. EMDR was perceived as an effective therapy despite initial scepticism, and an approach that generally did not require a conscious effort by the participant to make it work. Findings are related to neurobiological hypotheses concerning underlying neurological mechanisms for the resolution of traumatic memories. Practical implications fro improving clinical practice with children and families will be presented.
Keywords: Children
32. Arnold, L. (1995). Some nontraditional (unconventional and/or innovative) psychosocial treatment for children and adolescents: Critique and proposed screening principles. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23(1), 125-140.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Five examples of nontraditional psychosocial treatments used for children/adolescents are reviewed: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback, deep pressure/touch therapies, stress-challenge treatments, and confrontational scare treatments. The generic recommendations from the September 1992 National Institutes of Health Conference on Unconventional Medical Treatments are summarized. Additional screening principles specific for psychosocial treatments are proposed and applied to the five treatments. The screens do not validate treatment efficacy or evaluate the quality of any previous research, but only facilitate decisions as to whether treatments deserve controlled investigation. Scientific evaluation of the nontraditional treatments reviewed could in general benefit from blinds (at least for assessment); control conditions matched for intensity, frequency, and duration (double blind where feasible); dose-response studies; testing of generalization and endurance supplements or boosters for quick, cheap treatments with time- or domain-limited effects; and comparing cost-effectiveness with established treatments. Two unscientific pitfalls must be avoided: embracing new treatments uncritically and rejecting them without fair examination. These pitfalls must be skirted without dissipating scarce research resources. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Adventure Therapy Aversion Therapy Biofeedback Training Children Literature Review Body Psychotherapy Research Needs Treatment Effectiveness
33. Artigas, L., Jarero, I., Alcala, N., & Cano, T. L. (2009). The EMDR intregrative group treatment protocol (IGTP). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 279-288). New York: Springer, pp. 450.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: The effectiveness of EMDR with trauma survivors has been widely reported. Studies support the use of EMDR in the treatment of symptoms caused by trauma in children and adolescents, and they have evaluated the usefulness of EMDR following disaster events Group therapy is a well-proven form of treatment for traumatized children and adolescents. The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (IGTP) combines the Standard EMDR treatment Phases 1 through 8 with a Group Therapy model. Designed initially for work with children, the EMDR-IGTP has also been found suitable for group work with adults. The EMDR Integrative Treatment Protocol Script is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Children Adolescents Disaster Trauma Group Therapy Trauma Survivors
34. Bacon, J. (2001, June). Kids with severe learning disabilities: Coping, acceptance, and EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop is directed at working with school age children (6-12) who are diagnosed as developmentally delayed, ADD-ADHD, or with Aspergers or Tourettes Disorders. Included will be case conceptualization, treatment-building, and skill building.
Keywords: Children Learning Disabilities, ADD ADHD Asperbergers Tourettes Developmentally Delayed
35. Bar-Sade, E. (2002, May). EMDR and the challenge of working with young children. EMDR Israel Association, Nazereth Ilit, Israel.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Treatment of very young children who experienced trauma poses a challenge for the therapist using EMDR. Very young children lack the ability to express their experiences verbally. In addition, their cognitive development is not mature enough to process their experiences via the cognitive channel. Their understanding of time is not developed enough to distinguish between past, present and future and they are not yet able to take an alternative perspective on experiences they have encountered, some of which may have been traumatic for them.
Keywords: Children
36. Bar-Sade, S. (2008, June). Under the shadow - Fostering children’s resilience and coping strategies in an ongoing crisis situation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The consistent findings on the adverse psychological effects of war and terror on children have led to a recognized need for suitable early intervention in the immediate, midterm and post term, of mass crisis situation. This presentation will try to overview the clinical and empirically supported interventions operating in the last tow years in Israel, with children and families living in a constant threat of bombardment and shelling of populated areas on both sides. This presentation will focus on the warrelated stress reactions of young Israeli children exposed to these experiences and present some creative interventions done to foster resilience and coping, as well as the treatment of PTSD reactions. It was estimated that during this war, 4000 Katyusha rockets and missiles hit the northern parts of Israel. More then 1 million people were at the danger zone for a potential direct hit. More then 500000 Israelis relocated during the war to live in safer areas out of the range of the rockets. The children in the war zones experienced sounds of sirens' explosions and sound of artillery. They spent considerable time in bomb shelters and were exposed to sights (directly or through the media of damaged houses and casualties). This situation continues now in the southern part of the country along the Gaza Strip were children on both sides live under the daily reality of bombardment, casualties and death. Many programs and individual treatments were and are still operating as the professionals are trying to meet the needs of communities and individuals under this chronic ongoing stress situation. A community project is operating in the southern part of the country, where mothers and toddlers as well as the staff members of the kindergartens, are being supported by dyadic trauma focused play therapy and enrolled in stress managements programs. Findings on the interrelation between the degree of the parent's PTSD on the child's aversive symptomology,and the follow up of dyadic treatment data, will be presented. Another program the "Huggy Puppy", exemplifies the implementation of a developmental appropriate intervention with children in the midst of the crisis, and the effects of building a sense of self efficacy and relatedness. This will be illustrated in the study done by Prof. Avi Sadhe from Tel Aviv University on the effects of the "Huggy Puppy". The use of the modified EMDR Group Protocol for children during the war and the efficacy of the EMDR individual treatment in the post war situation as compared to CBT and SE FAR will be examined in the research done by Dr. Moshe Farchi of the Tel Chai College. These diverse interventions and treatments represent the wide range of theoretical and practical thinking which are necessary in order to create a comprehensive holistic model which will serve as a guideline for interventions with children in crisis.
Keywords: Keynote Children Resilience Crisis
37. Becker-Fritz, T. (1997, December). EMDR and critical incident of trauma. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(6), 8, 10.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: EMDR came into my life as part of my professional need to work with children and teenagers who had been exposed to the most horrible traumas. Traditional play therapy and talking therapy were not working and I watch children develop into unhappy, lonely, angry, and depressed adolescents who acted out everywhere.
Keywords: Children Adolescents
38. Becker-Fritz, T. (2003, September). Using EMDR with young adoptive children who have attachment disorders. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Many children and adolescents who present for serious behavior problems have been adopted both from here and from other counties. Parents and teachers are not prepared to deal with the attachment disorders that are part of the child. This workshop will present the symptoms of attachment disorders, as well as highlight those that are different for the Reactive Attachment Disorder. Use of EMDR protocols will be reviewed as they apply to working with young children who have experienced serious trauma and neglect at any early age and have not way to share these experieces except through their behaviors. Part of this presentation will address areas to assess with the parent regarding their own attachment issues that often get in the way of successful treatment. Finally, case review of several children will be presented that gives practical,hands on protocols that can be used to treat these children using EMDR.
Keywords: Adoptive Children Attachment Disorder
39. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Packwood, S., & Peterson, G. (2002, June). Open forum to share clinical use of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG Chairs. Open forum presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Because many clinicians struggle with applying the EMDR protocols with children and adolescents, this workshop will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion on this topic. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG and will share their clinical expertise with similar clinical situations presented from the audience. This session wll also encourage participants to share their own experiences that have been successful with this population.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
40. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Peterson, G., & Packwood, B. (2003, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent Special Interest Group Chairs. Open form presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating chlldren and adolsecents. Topics that will be presented and followed with audience discussion include use of EMDR with the following: attachment disorders, children and adolescents in residential treatment, dissociative disorders, sexually reactive kids, children with AD/HD, and unresolved grief issues. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Open Forum
41. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Packwood, S., Peterson, G., Peck, B., & Huss, B. (2005, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG Chairs -. Open forum at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhleming for the clinican to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address how the EMDR protocol may need to be adjusted to accommodate the needs or limitations for children and adolescents. The second topic will focus on what specific developmental considerations need to be considered when using EMDR with attachment disorders as well as identifying guidelines and strategies for including the family in the EMDR process with this population. The final topic will address 2 commonly seen diagnoses of AD/HD and anxiety addressing the possible negative cognitions, resource installations, and cognitive interweaves that can be used when treating children or adolescents with EMDR to resolve the trauma issues when having these disorders. The members of the panel are current chairs of the EMDRIA Chld/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Open Forum Deveopmental Considerations Attachment Disorders ADHD Anxiety
42. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Waldon, A., Peck, B., Siegel, M., & Packwood, S. (2007, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA child/adolescent SIG Chairs. Open forum (Moderator T. Becker-Fritz) presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population, as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address identifying the challenges that children and adolescents present and understand adjustments in the EMDR protocol to accommodate the needs or limitations. The second topic will demonstrate how and when a structured format can facilitate effective EMDR treatment with children. The final topic will identify the challenges of using standard EMDR protocols with adolescents and special issues to consider when preparing them. The members of the panel are the current and immediate past chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience. The program will be moderated by the Executive Chair, encouraging audience participation throughout the 3 hour program.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Open Forum
43. Beer, R, & de Roos, C. (2005, October). Children and adolescents: EMDR for children and adolescents, applications on acute and chronic trauma. Workshop presented at the First annual European Workshops on Traumatic and Stress, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: After a theoretical introduction to EMDR, this workshop will focus on several applications on acute and chronic trauma. Due to the complexity of problems related to chronic traumatisation, attention will also be focussed on how to embed EMDR in an overall treatment plan. Case material and video fragments will illustrate this workshop.
44. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2004, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij kinderen en adolescenten, theorie en empirie - [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence]. Kind en Adolescent, 1, 38-53.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: The importance of effective treatments for children and adolescents suffering from the consequences of traumatic experiences is amplified. A description of the EMDR procedure is followed by a discussion of the advantages of EMDR compared with other treatment procedures for this young target-population. The most prominent actual hypotheses concerning the possible explanations for the effects are listed. And the empirical status of EMDR is characterised on the basis of controlled studies of EMDR with adults and children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Children Adolescents
45. Berg, M. (2002, Winter). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children, Robert H. Tinker and Sandra A. Wilson, New York: Norton 1999. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 66(1), 80-81.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Book Review Children
46. Bermudez, J. S. (2002, January). The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) within a multi-modal treatment program for child victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse. Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL. AAT 3057608.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Sexual abuse has created multiple short and long term problems for many individuals in society today. It often occurs in childhood and the scars that are left can be permanent. Statistically, it occurs with far greater frequency than should be tolerated. However, it is frequently unreported and can be difficult to detect in a child that experiences this form of trauma. There is a significant need to help these children that have been victims of this crime. Extrafamilial sexual abuse in particular appears to occur with greater frequency than intrafamilial sexual abuse. Studies show that it has lasting effects on children. Two of the most common and consistent symptoms seen with these children are PTSD and sexualized behavior. Other symptoms that have been found with these children include: depression, anxiety, fear, and difficulty managing anger.Although there have been many program designs implemented for child sexual abuse victims, most do not properly assess the level of improvement through objective measures that show that the treatment was responsible for the observed change and not some other variable. Many different forms of treatment have been used to treat sexual abuse victims, such as different forms of traditional individual therapies, family therapy, group therapy, drama therapy, and art therapy. One innovative psychotherapeutic technique that has been used recently with these types of clients and those who have experienced other types of traumatic events is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR is a relatively new form of treatment developed in 1987 by Francine Shapiro. There have been controlled research studies that have shown the efficacy of this technique. Although there are some researchers who are skeptical of the use of this technique and challenge its effectiveness, studies have nonetheless shown that it is an effective form of brief therapy with long-term effects. This proposed treatment program would be developed for children, aged 6-12 years, who have been victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse. It is designed to be short term, lasting 4 months, and EMDR will be utilized as the primary psychotherapeutic tool to assist the children in reprocessing their traumatic experience. Mental health services that would be provided include individual therapy consisting primarily of EMDR, group therapy for the child and the parents or caretakers provided separately, and family therapy that would include the parents, child, and siblings if deemed necessary. The children admitted to the program would meet criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. They would also be given psychological measures in order to establish a baseline in terms of current symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The same measures would be administered again at the completion of treatment allowing for the measurement of any improvements. It is expected that children who complete the program would show a significant reduction or elimination of PTSD symptoms. This can be done more effectively by treating the family as a unit in dealing with such a traumatic experience. It is believed that this form of treatment would provide a valuable service to the community and further our understanding regarding the efficacy of EMDR. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(6-B), Jan 2002, pp. 3000.
Keywords: Child Abuse Rape Survivors School Age Children PTSD Brief Psychotherapy Family Therapy Empirical Study
47. Bethiaume, B. (2001, May). EMDR treatment with two school-based referrals. Poster presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: School referral for behaviour is many times a last resort for teachers and administrators at a loss to deal with a student's distress. This post illustrates two such cases and the effective use of EMDR to clear underlying trauma at the core of the observable behaviour. It raises the issue of age of trauma with critical developmental tasks of children and implications for treatment. The first is a single trauma at age 11 and treated at age 13. The second occurred at age 3 and treatment occurred at age 7. L. is a 13 year old girl whose family had moved three times in the past 3 years and at her new school, she became extremely distressed in the morning to the point of not being able to stay in class. The underlying trauma took place 2 years ago, and did not manifest itself behaviourally until the current move. Using EMDR, resolution was achieved in a short period of time. C. is a 7 year old girl referred because her fears were preventing her from normal activities of her grade level. The sound of fire alarm bells were particularly distressful. The family recently moved from another country and reported no prior history of this type of behaviour. Interweaving EMDR in the treatment process was effective in treating past traumas, some of which appeared to have no verbal memory and culminated in her current distress. Parental understanding and involvement in using EMDR was crucial to the treatment.
Keywords: Children School Referrals
48. Boèl, J. (1999, Fall). Child & adolescent issue: A closer look - The butterfly hug: Some history and updates in its use with children. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4), Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition), 11-13.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Children, Adolescents, and EMDR: A closer look
In February of 1998, about four months after the devastation wrought by Hurricane Paulina, a team of Mexican therapists along with two EMDR-HAP members as “technical advisors” (myself and Judy Albert) were working with groups of children who had witnessed tragedy and suffered great losses. Our team had only three locations to help these children, so we attempted to develop group therapy situations based on the EMDR theory and protocol as much as possible.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Butterfly Hug
49. Boèl, J. (1997). EMDR with trauma survivors in Mexico: In the aftermath of Hurricane Paulina with the Mexican Association for crisis therapy in Acapulco. EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Hurricane Paulina ravaged Acapulco, Mexico, in October of 1997. Two weeks of torrential rains, floods and landslides followed. At least 2500 people died. In one poor neighbourhood on the banks of what had been an almost dry riverbed, 400 people were buried alive before they could escape or be rescued. Despite acts of incredible heroism which occurred during the hurricane and floods and in the following days, the initial rescue efforts were hampered by the lack of infrastructure for emergencies of such scale. The firemen worked alongside volunteers for 15 days taking only 'cat naps' in their trucks. They received no psychological debriefing from the horrors they witnessed until three months later, when Dr. Ignacio Jarero and I (as members of the Mexican Association for Crisis Therapy core team met to debrief with them. Some of the most stalwart rescuers with whom we spoke still had recurring images of partial corpses of children stuck in trees and bodies of pregnant women floating along the main streets of old Acapulco.
Keywords: Butterfly Hug Children: Hurricane Pauline Acapulcp Mexico
50. Borden, T. (2009, January). Successful treatment of trauma and addictions using EMDR, Parts I and II. Paper presented at the San Diego International Conference on Child and Family Maltreatment.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Over the past two decades we have seen an increase in the relationship between Trauma and Addiction including eating disorders. Studies have focused on the psychobiological effects on the brain and PTSD symptomology. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing has gained great respect in the field for its efficacy and long term benefits with PTSD (Trauma Survivors) and Substance Abuse. Research suggests that PTSD clients are more responsive to treatments that specifically "process" traumatic memories such as EMDR. EMDR is an exposure treatment in which clients perform saccidic eye movements to process traumatic memories which in turn accelerates the processing of information involving a shift of cognitive structures ( including the assimilation of positive beliefs)." The application of EMDR apparently stimulates an inherent physiological processing system that allows dysfunctional information to be adaptively resolved, resulting in increased insight, cognitive restructing of potential relaspe triggers and physical cravings";Shapiro F.(1994). What we have learned over the years is that brain function can be altered by external stimuli; with the use of EMDR, eye movement "Naturally" occures in the rem sleep as well as activating it in the wake states has proven to be quite effective in the treatment of maladaptive behaviors: This workshop will look at this treatment modality its effectiveness and use with Trauma and Addictions; Workshop format will include lecture, case examples, and experiental exercises.
Keywords: Children Addictions
51. Bower, B. (2008, August 22). World of hurt. Science News, Web Edition.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Many traumatized kids don't receive scientifically backed treatment.
52. Bradshaw, J. (2008, June). Neurobiological factors when working with children who have been victims of domestic violence and other traumatic events using EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation will highlight the effects of domestic violence and other traumatic experiences on children from pre birth to 12 years of age and how EMDR can reduce the symptoms and give the subject a more appropriate perception of their experiences. The neurobiological aspects will be discussed at pre and post treatment of EMDR. EMDR therapy has proven to be a highly successful technique in the relief of psychological distress after trauma. It will be shown that babies traumatised before birth can be treated as effectively as children traumatised after birth. The impact on the developing baby will be discussed in relation to the stage of gestation that the mother experienced trauma. Knowledge of sensory development in pregnancy can inform the treatment plan for mother and baby subsequently. The impact of domestic violence and traumatic birth will be explored. If untreated in the mother there can be long lasting effects in the mother, child and the parent child relationship. Clinical examples will explain how EMDR can be modified to treat unresolved traumatic events. In infancy and early childhood memories are stored in sensory form often with little language. We will illustrate on video a narrative approach combined with parent facilitated EMDR in a traumatised 30 month old infant whose parents have a history of drug use. The impact of traumatic stress on the developing brain will be discussed and illustrated by video of two EMDR sessions with 10 and 12 year old children. This will show how the normal EMDR protocol must be modified to take childhood factors into account.
Keywords: Domestic Violence Children
53. Brand-Wilhelmy, B., Irmler, D., Adam, H., Lucs, T., Möller, B., & Riedesser, P. (2002). Child refugees in Europe: Guidelines on the psychosocial context, assessment of and interventions for traumatised children and adolescents. Ecre.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: This Good Practice Guide is part of a set of three Guides that have been developed by ECRE member agencies active in the field of reception and integration of refugees. The Guides cover educational advice to refugees, working with older refugees, and assisting traumatised childrefugees. They represent the culmination of two years’ work of thematic networks in these areas, where practitioners have discussed and developed the guiding principles that should underpin work with asylum seekers and refugees. Networking activities have also enabled the lead agencies to identify examples of good practice across Europe, and all these findings are presented in the Guides.
Keywords: Refugees Children Adolescents
54. Brisch, K-H. (2005, June). Treatment with EMDR of a boy with generalized tic disorder. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR and children
The treatment with EMDR of a boy with generalized tic disorder is
demonstrated with video material. This boy who had heart surgery at age 4
developed a generalized acute tic disorder at age 11 after an episode of
reanimation as a result of an instrument error that occurred during ECG
monitoring. This incident was not known to the parents, and neither the boy
nor the hospital staff reported on this. Within a few weeks the boy was
completely disabled not able to walk and to speak properly anymore. He
could neither attend school nor participate in leisure amenities with his
friends. After comprehensive diagnostic procedures and unsuccessful
treatment with different types of medication, the tic disorder was diagnosed
as symptomatology of an acute PTSD after traumatic experience of
reanimation with fear of near death.
After EMDR treatment the boy had a complete recovery and could
participate in school and leisure-time activities without any tic symptoms.
The recovery proved to be stable over the follow-up period of one year.
Keywords: Children Tic Disorder Symposium
55. Brunnell, C. (2002, Winter). Book review: Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children, Robert H. Tinker and Sandra A. Wilson, New York: Norton 1999. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 66(1), 81-83.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Book Review
56. Burdova, I., Lievegoed, R., & Wijga, S. (2006, June). EMDR with mentally ill children and adults. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
57. Burns, M. (2009, March). The challenges of using EMDR with refugee and asylum seeking children/adolescents. Symposium at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This paper discusses the use of EMDR with refugee and asylum seeking children and adolescents using clinical case examples and shares the clinician’s own personal reflections on the lessons learned. The challenges of working with this group are explored drawing on research findings as well as the clinician’s experiences. Language and cultural differences can act as barriers to assessing children’s mental health or their suitability for EMDR even though in some cases it might be thought of as the treatment of choice. Working with Interpreters is often a key feature of this therapeutic work. The challenges are discussed with direct reference to The British Psychology Society’s recently published guidelines. There are ongoing stresses for these children and young people associated with displacement and their current situation in the UK. These stresses contribute to their psychological distress. Fear of being sent home or mistrust may also prevent them from providing full and accurate information hindering the clinician from obtaining an accurate assessment or trauma history. The importance of good therapeutic skills as the basis of an EMDR Approach is highlighted drawing upon a host of interventions (behavioural, physical, cognitive and motivational) to support clients in building up their own resources so that they can manage their distress between sessions. The therapist’s role in managing expressed emotions within the sessions is examined, not forgetting the impact of this on the therapist.
Keywords: Refuges Asylum Children Adolescents Symposium
58. Carter, A. (2007, June). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociative disorders in childhood and adolescence, the role and use of EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Damage occurs to a child’s self in the context of relationship when raised in an environment of abuse and neglect. This damage to self is manifested through disruptions in development. A child or adolescent will be unable to perform tasks a non-traumatized child or adolescent has not difficulty mastering. These tasks may be physical, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, or spiritual. When these disruptions become manifest in the environment with which the child or adolescent is interacting, home, school, or community, conflict arises. The conflict is both internal with self and external in relationship, behavioral, and biological. This is generally when a child or adolescent is brought into therapy for intervention Caregivers are not always aware of the impact traumatic events have on a child’s life or may not want to deal with the impact and the long term implications. The therapeutic relationship is ac context outside of the system where the child was traumatized that provide the potential environment and relationship which can facilitate healing for the child, adolescent, and possible, the system in which they live.
Children and adolescents with a complex PTSD will often employ the use of dissociation as a way to cope with overwhelming events or chronically dysfunctional lifestyles. The degree and way in which the child dissociates to self regulate internal systems will determine behavioural and neurological trajectories in their life such as, how the child will cope, rupture of developmental task attainment, and it will determine what type of attachment process the child experiences. Also determined are: impulse control, sleep regulation, meta cognitive functioning, neurobiological processes and the integrative processes of self. When there is no therapeutic intervention, the self which emerges as a result of these processes is a “traumatic self” organization, that is a self structural in response to traumatic experience determined to avoid the repetition of the traumatic experience “at all costs.” The biological body that emerges is the traumatized body organized for avoidance in the forms of fighting, fleeing, or freezing and submitting.
The assessment phase of therapy will map for the therapist and client where the internal dysregulation occur, what are the maladaptive response which have been developed, and what the negative beliefs are which all contribute to the construction of the “traumatic self.: There are a variety of assessment tools specifically designed for this purpose.
Once the map is established, a plan can be developed to use with children and adolescents and family for therapy and for EMDR. There are a variety of models which have been developed to use with children and adolescents to process bad memories, negative cognitions and to strengthen internal resources. EMDR can also be used to facilitate state change, strengthen self regulatory capacities, and promote integrative processes of authentic self, facilitating healing throughout self, body, and relational systems.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Complex PTSD Dissociative Disorders
59. Casadaban, A. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: EMDR protocol for the assessment and treatment of physical phenomena with selected applications. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Physical Illness Injury
60. Caspers, S. L. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Using EMDR with learning disabled students to improve reading skills. National-Louis University, Chicago, IL. --.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Thesis--(Ed.S.)
Keywords: Children With Disabilities Education Reading
61. Chemtob, C., & Nakashima, J. (1997, June). Symposium on EMDR research with children and adolescents - EMDR for treatment resistant children with disaster related distress. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Disaster-Related Stress Children Adolescents
62. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: 10.1002/jclp.1131
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Elementary School Students School Age Children PTSD Follow-up Study Treatment Effectiveness Hurricanes Americans Hurricane Iniki (1992) Survivors Health Care Utilization Victim Service Randomized Clinical Trial Empirical Study
63. Christman, S. D., Propper, R. E., & Brown, T. J. (2006, May). Increased interhemispheric interaction is associated with earlier offset of childhood amnesia. Neuropsychology, 20(3), 336-345.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Experiment 1 found that mixed-handedness, which is associated with increased interaction between the left and right cerebral hemispheres relative to strong right-handedness, was associated with an earlier offset of childhood amnesia. In Experiment 2, bilateral saccadic eye movements, which have been shown to enhance interhemispheric interaction, were also associated with an earlier offset of childhood amnesia. These results build upon a growing body of research indicating an interhemispheric basis for the retrieval of episodic memories. Moreover, the results of Experiment 2 suggest that interhemispheric interaction has its effect on the retrieval, not encoding, of episodic memories. (PsycINFO]
64. Cocco, N. (1995, June). Applications of EMDR to children: EMDR in the treatment of darkness phobia in children. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: SESSION 17: EMDR IN THE TREATMENT OF DARKNESS PHOBIA IN CHILDREN: 1. [Overview of Darkness Phobia: A. Assessment of Childhood Phobias; B. Definition; C. Prevalence; D. Consequences.] 2. [Treatment Literature on Darkness Phobia: A. Invivo Exposure; B. Imaginal Desensitization; C. Modeling Symbolic and Participant; D. Coping Self Talk; E. Emotive Imagery.] 3. [Preliminary Data on Controlled Comparison Between Emotive Imagery and EMDR: A. Aims of Study; B. Method: Subject, Design, Procedure: Assessment, Treatment Protocols; C. Results; D. Discussion.] 4. [EMDR Protocol: A. Assessment of Darkness Phobia; B. Hero Interview; C. EMDR Target Selection; D. Fantasy Based Cognitive Interweave: *Linking Cues/Cognition/Affect *Superheros to Change Cognition and Affect.]
Keywords: Children Darkness Phobia
65. Cocco, N., & Sharpe, L. (1993, Dec). An auditory variant of eye movement desensitization in a case of childhood post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 24(4), 373-377.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: The present paper reports a case study documenting the success of a child-appropriate variant of eye movement desensitization (EMD) in the treatment of PTSD. Although there have been numerous case studies and some preliminary controlled trials of this method in adult cases of PTSD, there does not appear to be any information on its use in children. The available literature suggests that it is a more rapid and less traumatic treatment than traditional exposure based therapies. The present paper describes a child-appropriate auditory variant of eye-movement desensitization applied to a case of childhood PTSD. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Case Report Males Preschool Age Children PTSD Robbery Survivors Terrorism
66. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Rogal, S. (2001, January). Treatment practices for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(1), 123-135.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study surveyed practices in treating childhood PTSD among child psychiatrists and non-M.D. therapists with self-identified interest in treating traumatized children.METHOD: An anonymous survey was mailed to 207 child psychiatrists ("medical") [members of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry] and 460 nonphysician ("non-medical") therapists [members of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies] inquiring about current interventions used to treat children with PTSD. RESULTS: 247 responses were received: of 77 medical and 82 nonmedical respondents who currently treat children with PTSD, a wide variety of modalities are used. Most preferred modalities among medical responders were pharmacotherapy, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Most preferred modalities among nonmedical respondents were cognitive-behavioral, family, and nondirective play therapy. 95% of medical respondents used pharmacotherapy for this disorder; most preferred medications to treat childhood PTSD were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and alpha-adrenergic agonists. Several significant differences between medical and nonmedical practices were identified. CONCLUSIONS: There is little clinical consensus regarding the effectiveness of the many modalities used to treat traumatized children who have PTSD symptoms; empirical research is particularly needed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Treatment PTSD Children Drug Therapy Treatment Effectiveness Adolescents Reexperiencing Avoidance Arousal Mental Health Personnel
67. Cohn, L., & Chapman, L. (2001, June). A child trauma treatment intervention: Combining neuroscience, EMDR, and drawings. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will explain through lecture, slides, and case material, how the combination of EMDR and a drawing technique, along with the most recent neuroscience, child psychiatry, and PTSD literature, strengthen the integration of traumatic material in children.
Keywords: Art Therapy Children Neuroscience Drawing Technique
68. Cohn, L., & Chapman, L. (2002, June). Innovations in child trauma treatment: Combining EMDR and drawings. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will feature a treatment intervention for traumatized children who have experienced incident based trauma. The intervention is being utilized in a controlled study funded by the Centers for Disease Control lnjury Prevention Grant at University of California San Francisco and Children's Hospital Oakland. Through lecture, slide and case format, this presentation will describe a protocol combining EMDR and drawing for the remediation of PSTD symptoms in children. The presenters will discuss how developmental, psychological and neurological functioning affect the storage and retrieval of traumatic memories and sensations. They will demonstrate how and why the combination of EMDR with drawings is effective as a method of trauma resolution therapy for children.
Keywords: Children Art Therapy Treatment Intervention Disease Control Injury Prevention Grant
69. Courtois, C. (1997). Guidelines for the treatment of adults abused or possibly abused as children (with attention to issues of delayed/recovered memory, Revised August 1, 1996. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(3), 3-8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: These guidelines provide practicing clinicians with information regarding psychotherapy with adults who: 1) disclose an abuse history (physical, sexual, emotional) at the beginning of therapy, 2) do not disclose abuse despite having knowledge and memory about such events in their past; 3) report new (delayed or recovered) memories of abuse during the course of therapy; and/or 4) suspect past abuse, but have no clear memories of having been abused. The most common clinical scenario involves an individual who has retained memory for past abuse, but recalls additional events or details during therapy. The less common scenario is for an individual to have totally absent any memory of abuse and to later develop highly detailed memory. Practitioners should expect a range of memory presentations and must work to neither suggest nor suppress abuse-related issues that arise in the course of therapy.
Keywords: Delayed Recovery Memory Abuse
70. Crenshaw, D. (2008, September-October). Case Studies: The healing power of play; Helping the traumatized child find safety again. Psychotherapy Networker, 32(5), 61-65.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: When children are too anxious, afraid, or traumatized to play, they can't utilize this natural resource of childhood to relieve a painful emotional state. Child therapists can help children reclaim this vital feature of emotional self-regulation by teaching, modeling, and setting the stage for the child to play.
Keywords: Play Therapy Psychotherapy Children Youth
71. Crow, C. J. (2007, October). EMDR and children and adolescents. Paper presented at a Level II training, EMDR Institute, Inc., Watsonville, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Adolescents
72. Crystal, S. (2009, March). “And they lived happily ever after”: EMDR and the use of stories for traumatized children and adolescents. Symposium at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The use of EMDR with younger age children presents extra challenges for the practitioner who often needs to include the child’s parents/carers as a resource in the treatment process. Parents /carers can become the child’s spokesperson through creating a narrative of the child’s story. Based on the work of Joan Lovell, the EMDR protocol is assimilated and adapted to suit the diversity of each child’s unique experience through the process of story writing where the traumatic events are digested and processed with the help of the protective parental figure(s). The presentation will illustrate through the use of clinical material (video; drawings; collage; etc) how the practitioner can develop a multitude of creative means to access the pre-verbal or the severely traumatized young child; for whom we need to step “outside the box” and transform the EMDR protocol to suit each child’s needs.
Keywords: Children Adolscents Symposium Stories
73. Daniel, J. (2000). Play therapy and EMDR. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Children vary greatly in their ability to tolerate focusing on “the problem.” The wise EMDR therapist has various ways of approaching a traumatic memory or a current day problem to fit the tolerance level of the client. EMDR and the process of bilateral stimulation to address problematic material is one method of speeding up therapeutic work with children. However, when using bilateral stimulation with children I am simultaneously using my training as a family systems therapist, and the various play therapy strategies that were the backbone of my work with children before I learned EMDR or other alternative therapies. In a way, EMDR and the sand tray saved my professional life. In my first year of practice after my family therapy post-graduate training, I got a job at a family therapy clinic in Louisville, Kentucky. I was assigned to handle all referrals that came to the agency through a Victim Assistance grant. All of these were cases in which a child had been victim of some crime, and the majority were victims of abuse from some one other than a family member. You can imagine the population. Families who had found that a neighbor or teacher had abused their child were common. Both child and family were traumatized. My family therapy skills were good. But in addition to them I needed two things: a better way for children to communicate their feelings and a way to help both adults and children reduce the intensity of emotions around the trauma they had been through. Just (Continued from page 1) when I was beginning to feel that I was not up to the job, I learned EMDR. With this wonderful knowledge, I found I could help both children and adults move beyond the trauma and regain their grasp on the present moment, their strengths and their security. A deepening understanding of play therapy provided the additional communication tools I needed. Since Then I have never looked back, and find that our field is continually generating new perspectives and more efficient tools for us to use.
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
74. Daniel, J. (Publication Date Unknown). Using EMDR with children. Paper presented at a Level II EMDR Training, EMDR Institute, Inc., Pacific Grove, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children
75. de Jongh, P. J., Andrea, H., & Muris, P. (1997, June). Spider phobia in children: Disgust and fear before and after treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(6), 559-562.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Fear of spiders, disgust sensitivity, and spiders' disgust-evoking status were assessed in a group of spider phobic girls (n = 22) who applied for treatment, in a group of non-phobic girls (n = 21), and in the parents of both groups of children. The phobic girls were tested both before and after behavioural treatment which consisted of 1.5 hr eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and 1.5 hr exposure in vivo. Findings support the idea that disgust is an important aspect of spider phobia: (a) spider phobic girls exhibited higher levels of disgust sensitivity and considered spiders per se as more disgusting than non-phobic girls; (b) there was a parallel decline of spider fear and spiders' disgust-evoking status as a result of treatment; and (c) spiders' disgust-evoking status was relatively strong in mothers of spider phobic girls. The latter finding may indicate, that the acquisition of spider fear is facilitated by specific parental disgust reactions when confronted with spiders. [ScienceDirect]
Keywords: Exposure In Vivo Fear Of Spiders Disgust Sensitivity Spiders' Disgust Evoking Status Disgust Exposure Therapy Phobias Parents
76. de Roos, C. (2003, May). EMDR with children and adolescents – EMDR in the treatment of chronically traumatised children. Symposium at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Children Adolescents Chronically Traumatised
77. de Roos, C. J. A. M., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with a choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 201-211.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Given the limited number of reported cases in literature, it might be concluded that it is rare to develop a choking phobia in childhood. However, it appears as though confusion in terminology and the time lapse between the onset of the disorder and treatment often results in the diagnosis being missed. In this article, we discuss a review of the clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options for choking phobia. We present a case series, describing the successful EMDR treatment of choking phobia for 4 children and adolescents, with positive outcomes achieved in 1 or 2 sessions. In addition, a detailed transcript is presented of a 15-year-old girl with a choking phobia related to an incident that occurred 5 years previously. The rapid elimination of symptoms in all 4 cases indicates that EMDR can be an effective treatment for choking phobias resulting from previous disturbing events. Randomized research on this promising intervention is strongly suggested.
Keywords: Speicifc Phobia Choking Phobia Children Adolescents
78. De Roos, C. J. A. M., Noorthoorn, E. O., Greenwald, R., & de Jongh, A. (2004, June). Symposium children and EMDR - A controlled comparison of EMDR and CBT for children and adolescents exposed to the Enschede fireworks disaster in the Netherlands. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Controlled Comparison Children Adolescents Enschede Fireworks Disaster The Netherlands
79. de Roos, C., Greenwald, R., Noorthoorn, E., & de Jongh, A. (2004, November). EMDR vs. CBT for disaster-exposed children: A controlled study. Paper presented at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: In May 2000 a firework depot exploded in the city of Enschede (The Netherlands), leaving 22 people dead, 947 injured, more than 500 houses destroyed, and about 1500 houses significantly damaged. In total 4,163 people were affected, including many children and adolescents. Children with chronic posttraumatic stress reactions were referred for treatment to the Ambultant Mental Health Care team in Enschede. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of EMDR versus a CBT approach for reducing children’s symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and behavior problems. All participants treated from 2001 to 2003 were included. They received 4 sessions EMDR or 4 sessions CBT. Moreover, four sessions of parent guidance were included in both groups. The final N was 53 children (age 3-18). Assessment took place prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and at 3 months follow-up. The main outcome measures were: UCLA PTSD Index (parent, child and adolescent version), Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), the Problem Rating Scale (PRS), the Birleson Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASQ, anxiety). Also parent-reported psychosocial dysfunction and teacher-reported problems were assessed (Child Behavior Check List: parent form and teacher form and for children aged 11 and older: self report form). For the youngest group (0-6 years) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was included.
Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT Children: Controlled Studyl Disaster
80. de Roos, C., & Beer, R. (2003). EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten: De klinische praktijk - [EMDR in children and adolescents - The clinical practice]. Kind en Adolescent Praktijk, 2, 12-18.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: Om ontwikkelingsachterstanden en chronische psychopathologie te voorkomen zijn voor kinderen die lijden onder de gevolgen van traumatische ervaringen, effectieve behandelmogelijkheden van groot belang (Chemtob, Nakashima & Carlson, 2002). EMDR – Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – blijkt hierbij goede diensten te bewijzen. In dit artikel worden de procedure en de diverse aanpassingen beschreven die nodig zijn voor de toepassing van EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten. Toepassing bij kinderen vraagt om een benadering die is afgestemd op het ontwikkelingsniveau van het kind, hetgeen vooral tot uiting komt in de attitude van de therapeut en technische aanpassingen in het protocol. Gepleit wordt voor meer aandacht in diverse opleidingen voor het kunnen herkennen van posttraumatische stressreacties en adequate doorverwijzing voor behandeling.
Keywords: Children Adolescents
81. DeMeo, M. (1996, November). EMDR: Controversial treatment may hold promise for traumatized children. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 12(11), 1-4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Analyzes the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing's (EMDR) mechanism of action to children. Symptoms; Effects to children's life; Process of treatment; Difference between children and adults' emotional response to treatment; Causes of the traumas.[Academic Search Premier]
Keywords: Children
82. Dexter, B. A. (2007, June). Two children. EMDRIA Newsletter, 12(2), 13.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: This morning two fathers saw their children off to school. Two sons, part of a new generation free of the oppression of the past. Free to learn in a new school in a new time. Two fathers taking a chance that their sons would be educated in a new way with new opportunities they never had. So fi lled with hope.
Keywords: Children
83. Dieffenbach, I. (2009, June). Intervention (named Task-force) for acutely traumatised children and adolescents in comparison to treatment on offer from outpatient clinics for victim protection. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Task Force Poster
84. Diseth, T. H., & Christie, H. J. (2005, September). Trauma-related dissociative (conversion) disorders in children and adolescents – An overview of assessment tools and treatment principles. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59(4), 278-292.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: A high proportion of patients in child and adolescent psychiatry with significant dissociative symptomatology after early childhood traumatization may go undiagnosed, be wrongly diagnosed and/or inappropriately treated. The diagnostics and treatment of dissociative disorders have been limited by lack of comprehensive, reliable and valid instruments and the ongoing polarization and fierce controversy regarding treatment. However, recent neurobiological findings of neurochemical, functional and structural cerebral consequences of early stressful childhood experiences point out a need for active, early and effective identification and treatment interventions. We present an update on assessment tools available in the Nordic countries, and an overview of different appropriate therapeutic intervention models for children and adolescents. A systematic overview of studies of dissociation in children and adolescent published over the last decade disclosed a total of 1019 references. The 465 papers describing aspects of assessment tools and/or treatment were studied in detail. Reliable and valid screening questionnaires and diagnostic interviews for children and adolescents now allow for effective early identification of dissociative disorders. A combination of individual psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and family therapy are often required to handle dissociative disorders in children and adolescents. Cognitive-behavioural therapy, hypnotherapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization-Reprocessing (EMDR), psychodynamic therapy and an integrated approach are the main described psychotherapeutic approaches, but treatment of dissociation in children and adolescent does not require allegiance to any one particular treatment model. However, achievement of physical safety by providing a safe environment is a primary goal that supersedes any other therapeutic work. Assessments tools are now available, and appropriate therapeutic intervention models may hopefully contribute to reduce the risk of wrong diagnoses and inappropriate treatment of dissociative symptomatology in children and adolescents. However, controlled clinical trials of the various interventions and longitudinal outcome studies are needed.
Keywords: Conversion Disorders Children Adolescents Empirical Study Quantitative Study
85. Dohrmann, M. (2009). Treatment effects of EMDR on risk to re-offend by sexual offenders traumatized as children. Colorado School of Professional Psychology, The University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs. AAT 3344547.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Abstract (Summary) This study examined the effects of EMDR (Shapiro, 2002) and DeTUR (Popky, 2005) on three sexual offenders' risk to re-offend. Participants were given pretests and treatment outcomes were measured post treatment and 90 days thereafter using the IES-R (Weiss & Marmar, 1997), the TSI (Briere, 1995), the SOI (Kafka, 1997), the ACUTE 2007 (Hanson, Harris, Scott, & Helmus, 2007), and the Monarch 21 PPG Assessment (Byrne, 2006). The Reliable Change Index (RCI; Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984; as cited by Wise, 2004) was used to measure reliable differences. The results suggest there was no significant change in the level of trauma symptoms; however there was significant change in deviant arousal which lowered the risk level of two offenders. One offender experienced an increase in his risk level due to an increase in trauma symptoms. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Good lives model Recidivism Sex offenders Sexual deviance Trauma Treatment
86. Dohrmann, M. (2009). Treatment Effects of EMDR on Risk to Re-offend by Sexual Offenders Traumatized as Children. Psy.D. The University of the Rockies, Colorado School of Professional Psychology. AAT 3344547.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Abstract (Summary) This study examined the effects of EMDR (Shapiro, 2002) and DeTUR (Popky, 2005) on three sexual offenders' risk to re-offend. Participants were given pretests and treatment outcomes were measured post treatment and 90 days thereafter using the IES-R (Weiss & Marmar, 1997), the TSI (Briere, 1995), the SOI (Kafka, 1997), the ACUTE 2007 (Hanson, Harris, Scott, & Helmus, 2007), and the Monarch 21 PPG Assessment (Byrne, 2006). The Reliable Change Index (RCI; Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984; as cited by Wise, 2004) was used to measure reliable differences. The results suggest there was no significant change in the level of trauma symptoms; however there was significant change in deviant arousal which lowered the risk level of two offenders. One offender experienced an increase in his risk level due to an increase in trauma symptoms.
87. Donovan, L. (2001, June). When the chicken and the egg share the dilemma. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Successful EMDR with children can require change in the parent/caregiver. Participants will learn to: 1) assess this and engage parents, while respecting their timing/decision not to be clients themselves; and 2) creatively attune the child's treatment and parent's inclusion.
Keywords: Children
88. Donovan, L. (2002, June). EMDR and traumatized children/adolescents: Systemic affect regulation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Developmental and systemic perspectives support incorporating the caregiver/family in EMDR treatment of children and adolescents to maximize efficacy and minimize risks. Participants will learn to: 1) identify multiple options, risk factors, and guidelines (eg, for timing, sequencing, identifying the need for EMDR/RDI in the traumatized parent/caregiver as well as the child); 2) identify strategies to maximize vicarious processing, and promote resource development and affect regulation in the caregiver/family; 3) define with the family ways to provide safety, take rerponsibility and guide choices; and 4) utilize the nartural relational context to develop affect regulation in the child/adolescent.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Affect Regulation
89. Donovan, L. (2005, September). Using EMDR in processing grief with children and families. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Grief wears different faces and proceeds in varying paces for the different members of a family that share a loss. Participants will be able to: 1 ) define relevant issues and strategies for using EMDR with grieving children and their families; 2) identify targets and necessary resources for different stages of grief and ages and roles of family members; and 3) name criteria to guide the structure, sequence and pacing of EMDR for processing grief within the family system. Theory-based ideas will be storied in case illustrations. Participants will be asked to actively apply each learning objective to a case of their own throughout the workshop.
Keywords: Grief Children Families
90. Dunton, P. (1999, Fall). Three EMDR books about children and adolescents. EMDRIA Newsletter, Child and adolescent issue, Special Edition, 4(4), 15-19.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Child & adolescent issue: A closer look - Book reviews
It was with keen anticipation that I awaited the arrival of the Tinker and Wilson book, given my experience with both authors.
Keywords: Children Book Review
91. Dunton, R. (1993, March). Applying the EMDR method to children and adolescents with school related behavior and learning issues. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: "I know that girl--it's Pat," said Sophie to the Moon Rabbit. She's always sour-faced , always quarreling. Nobody likes her." "But here (on the moon) you see her as she really is, underneath her shyness and loneliness. You see her as she would be if she were treated like a princess. That's what everyone deserves, you know," said the Moon Rabbit. (Excerpt from The Princess and the hloon, Daisaku Ikeda-1991, Knopf, NY.)
Keywords: Children Learning Difficulties
92. Dunton, R. (1992, April). Learning issues and children. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Learning Difficulties
93. Dutton, P. (2000, October). Book Review: Three EMDR books on children and adolescents. Traumatology, 6(3), Article 2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Three books: (1) Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with Children by Robert H. Tinker, Ph.D. and Sandra A. Wilson, Ph.D. Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company (New York and London), 1999.; (2) Eye-movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy by Ricky Greenwald Psy.D., Publisher: Jason Aronson (New York), 1999.; (3) Small Wonders: Healing Childhood Trauma with EMDR by Joan Lovett, M.D., Publisher: The Free Press(New York), 1999.
Keywords: Book Review
94. Dutton, P. (2007, September). Trauma in children and young people. Counselling Children and Young People, 1-10.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Trauma might be described in terms of an event experienced, or the effects or consequences (symptoms) of the event. In the latter case, the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV-TR1 is the most quoted source for defining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This collection of symptoms is helpful in indicating when trauma is severe enough to need serious treatment. Smaller trauma, on the other hand, is often neglected by therapists, doctors and the general population as something we just have to cope with. But the effects of even small trauma in childhood are seriously accumulative and often underrated. It is also arguable that untreated attachment difficulties in early childhood can increase the likihood of PTSD – but this statement still rests on anecdotal evidence.
Keywords: Children Trauma Bereavement Grief
95. Dutton, P. (1999, Fall). Book Reviews: Three EMDR books on children and adolescents. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4 Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition), 15-19 .
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Three books: (1) Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with Children by Robert H. Tinker, Ph.D. and Sandra A. Wilson, Ph.D. Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company (New York and London), 1999.; (2) Eye-movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy by Ricky Greenwald Psy.D., Publisher: Jason Aronson (New York), 1999.; (3) Small Wonders: Healing Childhood Trauma with EMDR by Joan Lovett, M.D., Publisher: The Free Press(New York), 1999. Children, Adolescents, and EMDR: A closer look.
Keywords: Book Review Children Adolescents
96. Eckers, D. (2009). The absorption technique for children. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 43-50). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Absorption Technique Children Protocol
97. Eckers, D. (2009). The method of constant installation of present orientation and safety (CIPOS) for children. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 51-58). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Constant Installation Present Orientation Children Protocol CIPOS
98. Eckers, D. (2006). EMDR in de praxis bei kindern und jugenlichen. In F. Lamprecht (Ed.), Praxisbuch EMDR. Stuttgart, Germany: Klett-Cotta.
Language: English
Format: Book
Keywords: Children
99. Eckers, D. (2008). Ressourcenaktivierung und EMDR bein kindern und jugendlichen. In C. Rost (Ed.), Ressourcenarbeit mit EMDR. Paderborn, Germany, Junfermann.
Language: English
Format: Book
Keywords: Children
100. Eckley, T. L. (2002, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Efficacy with residential latency-age children. Alliant International University, Fresno, CA. AAT 3042989.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: This archival study examined the efficacy of EMDR with residential latency-age children. Participants in the study were the records of 5 children who completed a 10-week EMDR treatment protocol, and 4 children who were in a control group. Treatment included art therapy, play therapy, drama therapy, and talk therapy. EMDR was included as a component of the overall treatment for the experimental group. Pre- and post-measures were assessed using the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC) and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). Three versions of the BASC were used in this study: the Parent Rating Scale (PRS), the Teacher Rating Scale (TRS), and the Self Report of Personality (SRP).Paired-sample t tests demonstrated significant differences on the BASC-SRP and the TSCC for the experimental group at pre- and post-measures. For the BASC-SRP, the children in the experimental group endorsed significantly fewer items for Atypicality, Locus of Control, Social Stress, and Anxiety at the conclusion of the study as compared to initial results. For the experimental group, three of the six scales on the TSCC were significantly lower at the end of the study than at the beginning of the study. The children endorsed significantly fewer symptoms of PTSD, Depression, and Dissociation at the end of treatment as compared to the beginning of treatment. Because of the numerous limitations of this study, generalizability is inevitably limited. However, the outcome of this research indicates that EMDR can be effective to reduce overall symptomology of severely traumatized children. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(2-B), Aug 2002, pp. 1021.
Keywords: Treatment Effectiveness School Age Children PTSD Depressive Disorders Dissociative Symptoms Stressors Survivors Empirical Study
101. Ehntholt, K. A., & Yule, W. (2006, December). Practitioner review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 47(12), 1197-1210.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence-based guidance remains scarce. METHOD: Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised. RESULTS: Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war-related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross-cultural differences, medico-legal report writing and the importance of clinician self-care is also necessary. CONCLUSION: More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base.
Keywords: PTSD Children War Refugees CBT NET Literature Review
102. Ehntholt, K. A., Smith, P. A., & Yule, W. (2005, April). School-based cognitive-behavioural therapy group intervention for refugee children who have experienced war-related trauma. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(2), 235-250.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based group intervention designed for children who have experienced trauma. Twenty-six children (aged 11–15 years) who were refugees or asylum-seekers from war-affected countries participated. The manual-based intervention consisted of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques and was implemented within secondary schools. The treatment group (n = 15) received six sessions of group CBT over a 6-week period, while the control group (n = 11) were placed on a waiting list for 6 weeks and then invited to enter treatment. Children in the CBT group showed statistically significant, but clinically modest improvements following the intervention, with decreases in overall severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Significant improvements were also found in overall behavioural difficulties and emotional symptoms. Children in the waiting list control group did not show any improvements over the same period. However, follow-up data, which were only available for a small subset of eight children, suggest that gains in the CBT group were not maintained at 2-month follow-up.
Keywords: Children Group CBT PTSD Refugees School
103. Ellis, T. L. (1999). Play therapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A comparative study examining the treatment effects with school-age children, Homan Elementary School, Fresno, California. California State University, Fresno. AAT 1401332.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Play Therapy Counseling in Elementary Education
104. EMDR Network. (Publication Date Unknown). Treating children with EMDR and art work. Special report of the Children/Adolescents Special Interest Group, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
105. Emery, E. (2000, July 26). Banishing the nightmares - Psychologist helps Kosovo's children erase bad memories. Denver, CO: The Denver Post, Final Edition, Denver & the West, B-05 and 2D Edition, B-05.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: Colorado Springs psychologist Sandra Wilson, an expert in a therapy called Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, was asked to come and help. She was accompanied by a team of American psychologists, and they worked side by side with a young interpreter from Kosovo named Jeton Hoxha. One by one, 100 children, ages 5 to 16, sat down with the psychologists and Hoxha and told their stories.
Keywords: General Overview Denver Sandra Wilson
106. Errebo, N., Knipe, J., Forte, K., Karlin, V., & Altayli, B. (2008). EMDR-HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 124-139.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: On December 26, 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a catastrophic tsunami. In Sri Lanka, 35,000 people died, 21,000 were injured, and more than half a million were displaced. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer's journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Indian Ocean Tsunami Sri Lanka Cross-Cultural Treatment Humanitarian Efforts Tsunamis Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004) Survivors Sri Lankans Professional Training Mental Health Personnel Treatment Effectiveness Personal Narrative Adults Children
107. Fernandez, I. (2008, June). EMDR as an elective treatment with children survivors of mass disasters. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked). EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children. Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. The post-traumatic stress reactions of this group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the disaster has proved to be critical when dealing with children’s symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.
Keywords: Eclective Treatment Children Survivors Mass Disasters
108. Fernandez, I., Gallinari, E., & Lorenzetti, A. (2004, Spring-Summer). A school-based EMDR intervention for children who witnessed the Pirelli Building airplane crash in Milan, Italy. Journal of Brief Therapy, 2(2), 129-136.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This article describes a group intervention using a variant of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing called the butterfly hug. The treatment was provided to 236 children in an elementary school in Milan, Italy, after a small plane crashed into the Pirelli building, a skyscraper adjacent to the school, causing severe damage, fire, and loss of life. After this incident most of the children developed symptoms of PTSD, disrupting school function. A team of three psychologists, working with school teachers, provided this 90-minute intervention to each school class. The treatment reduced reported symptoms of distress during the treatment process, and appeared to result in changed patterns of observable behavior, which were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Given the dearth of research on post-disaster treatment and the limitations of this naturalistic evaluation, future rigorous study is suggested. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: School Based Treatment School Age Children Elementary School Students Brief Psychotherapy Air Traffic Accidents Pirelli Tower Airplane Crash (Milan 2002) Witnesses Italians Treatment Effectiveness Non-Randomized Study
109. Fletcher, K. (2000). Pro and con -- Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing [and] (EMDR) for traumatized children; 1. Pro: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR); a promising treatment for traumatized children; 2. Con: Promises yet to be kept - cautionary notes on useing EMDR with children; 3. Greenwald replies: EMDR and children in 1997; 4. Fletcher's comments on Greenwald's reply --EMDR and children in 1997. . The Child Survivor of Traumatic Stress, An Electronic Newsletter for Professionals .
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Trauma Treatment Commentary
110. Ford, J. D. (2009). Treatment of children and adolescents with traumatic stress disorders. In J. D. Ford's (Ed.) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Scientific And Professional Dimensions (pp. 223-250). New York: Academia Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Excerpt: Practice guidelines for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents
with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) were first developed by an expert
panel convened more than a decade ago by Cohen and the American Academy
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Work Group on Quality Issues (1998). Since
the release of that seminal set of practice guidelines, substantial additional validation
has been provided in scientific studies of the most robustly evidence-based
treatment model, trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT; Cohen
et al., 2006, 2008). Other approaches to the treatment of children and adolescents
with PTSD have been sufficiently clinically or scientifically tested to be
included as actually or potentially evidence-based (Saxe et al., 2007b; Vickerman
and Margolin, 2007) in the recent second edition of the International Society
for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) Practice Guidelines, Effective Treatments
for PTSD (Foa et al., 2008). These include eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing (EMDR; Spates et al., 2008), school-based cognitive behavior therapies
(Jaycox et al., 2008), psychodynamic therapies (Lieberman et al., 2008),
creative arts therapies (Goodman et al., 2008) and psychopharmacotherapy (treatment
with therapeutic medications; Donnelly, 2008). Family systems therapies
were included in the ISTSS Practice Guidelines only for adults, but promising
approaches for family therapy with children with PTSD have been developed (Ford
and Saltzman, 2009).
Chapter Outline
• Evidence-Based and Empirically-Informed Psychotherapy Models for Children with PTSD
• Trauma focused-cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT)
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Spates et al., 2008)
• Cognitive behavior therapy in schools (Jaycox et al., 2008)
• Psychodynamic therapies (Lieberman et al., 2008)
• Creative arts therapies (Goodman et al., 2008)
• Family systems therapies (Ford and Saltzman, 2009)
• Affective and interpersonal regulation therapies (Ford and Cloitre, 2009)
• Psychopharmacotherapy (Connor and Fraleigh, 2008; Donnelly, 2008)
• Integrative psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy models
• Real World Challenges in Treating Children with PTSD
• Conclusion
Keywords: Children Adolescents Traumatic Stress Disorders
111. Forte, K. (1999, Fall). Group EMDR therapy in young children. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4 Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition), 20-22.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Children, Adolescents, and EMDR: A closer look
Keywords: Children Adolescents
112. Fraire, M. (2004). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Using EMDR to improved reading skills among bilingual learning disabled students. National-Louis University, Chicago, IL. --.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Thesis--(Ed.S.)
Keywords: Children With Disabilities Education Reading Bilingual
113. Friberg, M. (2004, June). Symposium children and EMDR - EMDR with two adolescents suffering from dissociative symptoms after sexual abuse: both with considerable weight-loss during treatment. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Children Sexual Abuse Dissociation
114. Friday, S. (2005, September). Using EMDR as an intervention for symptom severity in ADD. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This study investigated the intervention effects of EMDR on the trauma and behavior symptom severity of ten children, ages 8 to 11, diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). ADD is a common childhood disorder with increasing prevalence rates that raise questions concerning overdiagnosis, misdiagnoses, and possible inadequate assessment of primary, comorbid, and diffential diagnoses. ADD and trauma have comorbid symptoms that often inhibit an accurate diagnosis. Accurate assessments for ADD and trauma-related attention problems have important behavioral implications for diagnostic intervention and treatment planning. The purpose of this research was to investigate if a three-phased treatment intervention, including EMDR, would show a reduction in the trauma and behavior symptom severity in children with ADD and trauma symptoms.
Keywords: Disruptive Behavior Disorders School Age Children Elementary School Students Stressors PTSD Comorbidity Treatment Effectiveness Attention Deficit Disorder ADD
115. Friday, S. (2004, September). Using EMDR as an intervention for symptom severity in attention deficit disorder. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This study investigated the intervention effects of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) on the trauma and behavior symptom severity of ten children, ages 8 to 11, diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). ADD is a common childhood disorder with increasing prevalence rates that raise questions concerning over diagnoses, misdiagnoses, and possible inadequate assessment, of primary, comorbid and differential diagnoses. Accurate assessments for ADD and trauma related attention problems have important implications for diagnostic intervention and treatment planning. The purpose of this research was to investigate if a three-phased treatment intervention, including EMDR, would show a reduction in the trauma and behavior symptom severity in children with ADD and trauma symptoms.
Keywords: Disruptive Behavior Disorders School Age Children Elementary School Students Stressors PTSD Comorbidity Treatment Effectiveness
116. Friday, S. (2003). Using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as an intervention for trauma and behavior symptom severity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3093820.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: This study investigated the intervention effects of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) on the trauma and behavior symptom severity of 10 children, ages 8 to 11, diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a common childhood disorder with increasing prevalence rates that raise questions concerning overdiagnoses, misdiagnoses, and possible inadequate assessment of primary, comorbid, and differential diagnoses. Accurate assessments for ADHD and trauma-related attentional problems have important implications for diagnostic intervention and treatment planning. The purpose of this research was to investigate if a three-phased treatment intervention including EMDR, a therapy method proven effective in the reduction of PTSD, would show a reduction in the trauma and behavior symptom severity in children with ADHD and trauma symptoms. Evaluation of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of ADHD was examined using a multiple-component case study and a repeated measure design for evidence of trauma. Two of the three treatment phases were randomly adjusted from one to three sessions in length, with the intervention method, EMDR, remaining constant for a total of three sessions. Outcome measures were the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), the Behavioral Assessment of Children Scales (BASC), (teacher and parent forms), and repeated assessments of trauma using the Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events Scales (LITE-P&S, parent and student forms), the Child and Parent Reports of Post-Traumatic Symptoms Scales (PROPS & CROPS), and the Problem Rating Scales (PRS). The results from quantitative analysis suggested that the intervention method incorporating EMDR affected a decrease in Externalizing and Internalizing behavior symptom severity and trauma symptom severity in the ADHD children that were studied. Qualitative data suggested that trauma and behavioral symptom severity decreased as a result of the intervention method incorporating EMDR. The results underscore the need for further research to distinguish between the symptom presentation of ADHD and comorbid trauma and behavioral symptoms. A continuous refining of the method of diagnosis and determination of the comorbid disorders is warranted. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(6-B), 2003, pp. 2901
Keywords: Disruptive Behavior Disorders School Age Children Elementary School Students Stressors PTSD Comorbidity Treatment Effectiveness Empirical Study Quantitative Study
117. Gates, D. P. (2002, June). Using EMDR with juvenile sex offenders and sexually reactive children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will witness through audio/video presentation how EMDR facilitates the therapeutic treatment of Juvenile Sex Offenders and Sexually Reactive Children by accessing their innate information processing system. Participants will view a Juvenile Sex Offender (JSO), discover and process different parts of himself leading to resolution of his issues and another JSO resolve past and present issues of power and trust. Participants will also learn to identify the criteria that names Sexually Reactive Children and by demonstration be exposed to various forms of bilateral stimulation in order to expand their repertoire of techniques. Finally, participants will witness a Sexually Reactive Child process how to protect himself, find solutions to his problems and discover his power.
Keywords: Juvenile Sex Offenders Sexual Reactivity
118. Gertner, K. (2008). Butterfly hug: An explanation of EMDR for children. .
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: A valuable resource for trained EMDR therapists. Butterfly Hug educates and familiarizes children in therapy (and their parents) with the EMDR process prior to actual use of the protocol. Butterfly Hug gives both the history of the approach as well as sharing an inviting story line from a child's own healing experience with EMDR.
Keywords: Butterfly Hug Children
119. Gomez, A. (2008, September). Beyond PTSD: Treating depression in children and adolescents using EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Traumatized children frequently exhibit symptoms of disorders other than PTSD. There is evidence of comorbidity between PTSD, depression and other behavioral disorders and a large overlap in symptom criteria between PTSD and depression in children and adolescents. The first part of this presentation explores what current research has identified as the key factors for the development of depression in children and adolescents. The evidence linking trauma, stress and PTSD to some forms of depression and the relationship between disorders of attachment, difficulties with affect regulation and the development of depression in children and adolescents will be explored. The second part of this presentation will introduce preliminary evidence that EMDR can be a potentially effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents through a series of case studies and anecdotal reports. The presentation will conclude with an overview of strategies for working with depressed children and adolescents across the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Even though this presentation will focus on working with pediatric depression, it will provide a foundation for understanding and treating adult depression as well. Video clips of sessions will be shown to provide a concrete and tangible experience for clinicians.
Keywords: Depression Children Adolescents
120. Gomez, A. (2009, May). Treating depression in children using EMDR. Paper presented at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation explores the evidence linking trauma, stress and PTSD to some forms of depression in children especially for those whose depressive symptoms appear to be the result of adverse life events. Preliminary evidence that EMDR can be an effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents through a series of case studies and anecdotal reports will be presented. Clinicians will learn specific strategies for working with depressed children across the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Video clips of sessions will provide a concrete and tangible experience for clinicians working with this population.
Keywords: Children Depression
121. Gomez, A. (2009, August). Treating children with persuasive emotion dysregulation using EMDR and adjunctive approaches. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation will provide theoretical and practical step-by-step strategies to assist clinicians working with children with severe dysregulation of the affective system, such as children exhibiting insecure patterns of attachment, complex PTSD and dissociation. Clinicians will learn key elements to develop case conceptualization skills and treatment plans based on the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP). How to use EMDR with adjunct approaches and strategies, such as ego-state therapy and somatic intervention, with children will be addressed. Strategies directed to titrate amount of trauma and keep children manageable and tolerable levels of activation to facilitate reprocessing will be demonstrated.
Keywords: Dysregulation Children PTSD
122. Gomez, A. (2009). Using olfactory stimulation with children to cue the safe or happy place. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 9-18). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Children Safe Place Happy Place Olfactory Stimulation Cuing Protocol
123. Gomez, A. (2009). Using olfactory stimulation with children to cue resource development and installation. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 19-30). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Children Resource Development and Installation RDI Olfactory Stimulationl Cueing Protocol
124. Gomez, A. M. (2007, September). Creative ways of administering the EMDR protocol with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will provide a comprehensive body of knowledge and advanced techniques so EMDR clinicians can effectively implement the EMDR protocol with children. Participants will learn strategies to make children acquainted with the different components of the EMDR protocol, as well as the use of sand tray techniques to assist children during the EMDR assessment and desensitization phases. Special attention will be placed on how and when to use the cognitive interweave with children. Different types of cognitive interweaves that are more suitable for children will be presented. Additionally, this workshop will address how to work on the future template with children using play therapy and creative strategies.
Keywords: Children
125. Gomez, A. M. (2006, September). Creative approaches to motivate, prepare, and guide children to use EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop is intended to teach specific ways to use storytelling, metaphors and play therapy techniques within the context of the EMDR protocol. Participants will learn play therapy techniques to use during the target identification phase. Techniques such as the "mixed up box", "My yucky bags" among others, will provide a playful approach to assist children in identifying EMDR targets as well as to provide an opportunity for containment. Safe place, as well as other types of resource development, will be addressed using alternative ways to cue the child, such as olfactory stimulation. Participants will learn metaphors and stories to help children understand what happens in the mind and body when trauma occurs. These metaphors are intended to motivate children that are reluctant to embrace the memories associated to the trauma. By using stones and metaphors, children can also maintain emotional distance from their own struggles. One of the main goals of this workshop is to help clinicians learn to communicate more effectively with children by using metaphors, stones and play. How to talk to children about EMDR and how to prepare children for the outcome of EMDR will be addressed. By making the process more predictable, the likelihood of children stopping the process when they experience the difficult feelings associated with the trauma might be minimized. Participants will also learn to use creative, fun and playful ways to assist children in understanding and using the measure scales of the EMDR protocol (SUDS and VOC).
Keywords: Childdren Targets Metaphors Storytelling Play Therapy
126. Gomez, A. M. (Date of Publication Unknown). The thoughts kit for kids. Unknown.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: A part of a series of games and tools designed to make EMDR treatment developmentally appropriate for children.
127. Gomez, A. M. (2007). Dark, bad day...Go away. Ana M. Gomez, MC.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Dark, Bad Day...Go Away is the result of many years of experience using EMDR with traumatized children. When I was first writing the book, I identified the key elements and concepts that children needed to understand and manage before initiating EMDR trauma reprocessing. I came up with a list of what children needed to know to make EMDR treatment a successful experience for them and wrote the book around those key elements. I wrote Dark, Bad Day...Go Away to aid clinicians and their young clients during the preparation phase of the standard EMDR protocol. [Author]
Keywords: Children
128. Goodyear-Brown, P. (2008, January). Empirically informed play therapy inteventions for treating traumatized children, Parts I & II. Paper presented at the San Diego International Conference on Child and Family Maltreatment, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Evidence Based Practice is the new standard in the field. However, the evidence base regarding trauma treatments for children, particularly young children, is in the early stages of it's evolution. Recent research related to the neurobiology of trauma, implicit and explicit memory systems and the impact of these dynamics on trauma treatment will be discussed. Treatments with a large evidence base, such as TF-CBT and EMDR will be discussed with a view to how many of the treatment goals can be accomplished and more easily digested by children through the vehicle of play. It is critical that practitioners who serve traumatized children be able to match interventions to treatment goals and symptomatology. Specific play therapy interventions will be tied to treatment goals in an effort to help practitioners expand their repertoires with child-friendly interventions based on the latest research. The treatment areas covered in this workshop will include helping the client to 1) re-establish a sense of safety and security, 2) learn and practice stress inoculation strategies, 3) identify and confront faulty attributions related to the trauma, 4) restructure distorted cognitions related to the trauma and 5) create a trauma narrative. Several play therapy interventions will be explained and demonstrated for each of the aforementioned gaols. Children accomplish the hard work of healing from trauma in a gentle, fun and safe treatment milieu. Case vignettes, slides and video clips will augment the didactic presentation. Experiential methods will also be used. Participants should come prepared to play!
Keywords: Play Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Children
129. Grandison, P. (2007). A combined approach: Using EMDR within a framework of solution focused brief therapy. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 56-64.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This paper reports on a qualitative, exploratory study that creatively combined two therapeutic approaches: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and solution focused brief therapy. It was expected that the use of techniques drawn from solution focused brief therapy could help children to facilitate and enhance the use of techniques within EMDR. In particular, techniques focusing on current and future positive resource installation were utilised. Five primary school children age 9 to 11 years were identified by class teachers and parents as presenting as shy, anxious and lacking self-confidence. The group intervention took place in school over six sessions. Within the group setting, the children targeted their own individual area that they wished to improve. Data were collected during and after each session and post-intervention. Increases in children’s self confidence and an improvement in targeted areas were reported by children, parents and teachers. Children found the intervention helpful and were able to identify particular aspects of solution focused brief therapy and EMDR that were useful.
Keywords: Solution Focused Brief Therapy Primary School Children Children's Techniques Shyness Anxious Self-Confidence Group Intervention Brief Psychotherapy Educational Psychology Group Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Techniques Anxiety Problem Solving Self Confidence Timidity Empirical Study Qualitative Study
130. Green, M. (2003, May). EMDR with children and adolescents – Getting started: EMDR and psychotherapy in a special school for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Adolescents
131. Greenwald, R. (1994). Family interventions to enhance child EMDR treatment. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(2), 7-8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Extensive clinical data suggest that EMDR can be quite rapid and effective with children under certain conditions (Greenwald, in press-a, in press-b). Desirable therapist qualities include familiarity with an adequate repertoire of child-oriented EMDR techniques, as well as the ability to develop rapport and enlist the child's coop eration and perseverance. Child qualities conducive to successful, brief treatment include a relatively limited trauma history, as well as parental support for healing. This paper will describe two simple family interventions which can help to mobilize parental support for the child's healing.
Keywords: Children Family Interventions
132. Greenwald, R. (1999, Fall). After zero: Further processing with teens. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4), 14.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Children, adolescents, and EMDR: A closer look
Keywords: Children Adolescents
133. Greenwald, R. (1999, Fall). A crisis response approach for suicidal teens. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4 Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition), 23-25.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Child & adolescent issue: A closer look
In my current position as a clinical psychologist based on a high school campus, I often have occasion to meet with adolescents who are suicidal, some having recently made suicidal gestures. Despite the complexity and variety of presenting issues, there is a set of more or less standardized steps to follow to ensure safety as well as appropriate follow-up.
Keywords: Children Suicide Teens
134. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). Child and adolescent special interest group. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This special interest group is devoted to fostering the development and availablity of EMDR for children and adolescents. Possible SIG sponsored activities may include: information clearinghouse; development of practice and training standards; protocols for speical populations; education of professional, school, medical, and lay communities; peer support for research and writing; and advocacy for underserved child/adolescent populations. At this meeting we will discuss and begin to plan the first activities to be sponsored by this group.
Keywords: Children Adolescents SIG
135. Greenwald, R. (1999, Fall). Editorial: EMDR with children: The first ten years. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4 Child and Adolescent issue, Special Edition), 3.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Children, adolescents, and EMDR: A closer look
Keywords: Children Adolescents
136. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). Child trauma measures for research and practice. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This is a practical guide to objectively scored measures of child/adolescent post-traumatic stress symptoms. It is geared to the field-based researcher and the practicing clinician, who must balance scientific value with the limitations inherent in clinical practice settings. This is not a comprehensive review, but rather a selective sampling of those instruments most likely to be usefbl in the above contexts. Additional information on child trauma assessment is available at www.childtrauma.com or by contacting the author.
137. Greenwald, R. (1995, June). Children-case presentations. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: One major limitation of EMDR is that it is an individual treatment modality. However, individual treatment of a child may be insuflicient, and broader interventions are often required. This is especially likely when environmental forces are unsupportive or in opposition to the healing process. This presentation will focus on the use of EMDR on several levels in child treatment, including individual treatment of traumatic memories, enhancing family support for healing, and addressing family obstacles to healing. Format will include lecture, vignettes, and a video case presentation of the EMDR treatment of a young girl who had been raped by a babysitter, along with the EMDR treatment of her older brother who bullied her. Assessment of child problems includes consideration of many factors. The focus here will be on the child's trauma history, and on the current family situation it pertains to treatment of the child's traumatic memories. Methods of assessment addressed here include interview of the child and the parent, observation of family interactions, and observation of the child's progress, both during and after EMDR treatment. A number of interventions are available to enhance or augment individual EMDR treatment of the child. Vignettes will be presented to illustrate the following interventions: referral to family therapy when successful EMDR highlighted the symptom's functional role; EMDR with a parent to reduce reactivity to the child; and prompting the parent(s) to produce statements and behaviors to be used later as content for installations. A challenging case will be presented in which a family, though motivated, demonstrated a number of behaviors which threatened to undermine the child's treatment. The family consisted of a single father in his late twenties, an eight year-old boy, and a seven-yearold girl. The presenting problem was the girl's ongoing post-traumatic symptoms, particularly nightmares and social withdrawal, some two years after having been raped by a babysitter. (the boy also had social and behavioral problems in school.) Unfortunately, the "lessons" of the girl's traumatic experience were frequently reinforced in the family context, through the brother's bullying of his younger sister, the father's complicity in the bullying, and the father's own tendency to be overly controlling and threatening. Treatment began with two family sessions and one with the father alone. The next three sessions were split to provide some individual time for each child as well as for the father. The seventh, final session included a family meeting and then some time for each individual. Work with the father was difficult and slow, as he was very defensive regarding his own possible contributions to his children's problems. Early interventions included delicate attempts to help the father understand the effect of his yelling and threatening - even though he was no longer in the habit of physically striking his children. Meanwhile, in part to enhance the therapeutic alliance, the primary focus was on direct treatment of the children. Some of this is shown on video. The girl was asked to draw a picture of her bad dream, and then to draw it "all better." She first drew a dark picture of a large man with fangs dripping blood. The next picture was of a nicer man on a sunny day. This activity was used as part of her introduction to the upcoming EMDR work. In the next session she agreed to do EMDR and completed processing in 25 minutes. The following session she indicated that the memory was no longer disturbing, and many of the symptoms had disappeared. She began to raise her next concern, by playing with a doll and a baby bottle, and complaining that she did not get to see her mother enough. Over the same three sessions the boy was also treated with EMDR for a number of relatively minor traumatic memories, including a car accident, the loss of two pets, and a vision of the devil. Despite apparently successfull processing, he was unable to conclude that he was a "good boy," due to evidence to the contrary: memories of his father's anger at him. Cognitive interweave was used to access a sense of inner goodness. The bullying behavior reportedly disappeared both at home and at school, and he also moved on, to express concerns about missing his mother. Treatment was interrupted due to a change in insurance coverage, so continued treatment and follow-up was not accomplished. This case illustrates some ways that EMDR can be enlisted to address aspects of the family context which may constitute obstacles to healing. The girl's brother was treated with EMDR to reduce his mistreatment of her; and the boy's sense of badness, largely gained by interaction with his father, was overcome by accessing internal resources in the absence of parental support. In conclusion, EMDR can play multiple roles in both the diagnosis and treatment of family obstacles to healing.
Keywords: Children Case Presentations
138. Greenwald, R. (1997). Children's mental health care in the 21st century: Eliminating the trauma burden. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry On-Line.
Language: English
Format: Other
Keywords: Children
139. Greenwald, R. (2007, May). EMDR practice guidelines: EMDR with children. Unknown.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] (Shapiro, 1989) is a treatment technique during which accelerated processing of traumatic memory is facilitated through the shifting of attention between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The methods utilized to facilitate the rapid switching of attention include the use of tapping, eye movement or sound. EMDR has also been beneficial in treating other disorders and conditions, i.e. grief and loss, low self esteem, anger management, depression etc. Its use should not be limited to only trauma or anxiety disorders. The methods utilized to facilitate the rapid switching of attention include the use of tapping, eye movement or sound.
Keywords: Practice Guidelines Children
140. Greenwald, R. (2002). EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 15-21) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. pp.52.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. Preliminary research on child/adolescent trauma treatment indicates that such treatment can successfully reduce post-traumatic symptoms as well as conduct problem symptoms. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has shown particular promise. However, it can be difficult to secure treatment compliance for trauma-focused work with this challenging population. A more comprehensive treatment approach is suggested which addresses trauma-related issues of motivation, safety, and self-efficacy as a foundation form which to introduce EMDR. Reductions in post-traumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviours along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this type of treatment approach.
Keywords: Conduct Disorders Occasional Paper Children
141. Greenwald, R. (2007, June). Working with child care in public service. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Poster Children Child Care
142. Greenwald, R. (2001). EMDR in der psychotherapie mit kindern und jugendlichen - [EMDR in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy]. Auflage: Seiten, Kartoniert .
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: EMDR ist eine psychotherapeutische Methode zur Behandlung traumatischer Erinnerungen. In seinem sehr gut lesbaren und informativen Buch beschreibt Ricky Greenwald, ein Pionier in der Anwendung von EMDR und einer der aktivsten Erforscher dieser Methode, wie EMDR zur Behandlung von Verlusterfahrungen, Ängsten, somatischen Problemen, Depression und Verhaltensproblemen von Kindern und Jugendlichen angewendet werden kann. "Das vorliegende Buch konzentriert sich auf den Einsatz von EMDR bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. EMDR ist eine noch recht neue Methode, und die meisten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen benutzten Varianten dieser Methode sind noch jüngeren Ursprungs. Der größte Teil des methodischen Materials, das in diesem Buch beschrieben wird, wurde bisher noch nicht veröffentlicht. Ich habe das Buch für all jene geschrieben, die lernen wollen, therapeutisch mit Kindern und Jugendlichen zu arbeiten, oder die ihre diesbezüglichen Kenntnisse erweitern wollen. Aus der Trauma-Orientierung bei der Durchführung einer Therapie in Verbindung mit verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen von EMDR sind einige innovative und effektive Ansätze zu gängigen Behandlungsbereichen entwickelt worden. Die Anwendung von EMDR in der Therapie erfordert eine formelle Ausbildung und Supervision, wie sie ein Buch allein niemals leisten kann. Doch können Leser, die bereits an einer EMDR-Ausbildung teilgenommen haben, dieses Buch auch als Leitfaden für die Anwendung von EMDR zur Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen benutzen." - Ricky Greenwald
Keywords: Psychotherapy Children Adolescents
143. Greenwald, R. (1994). Research packet. Ricky Greenwald, Psy.D., Trumansburg, NY.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Companion to Using EMDR with children.
It consists of three measures which are simple,
user-friendly, and may be helpful in trackimn a child's progress in treatment
144. Greenwald, R. (1998, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): New hope for children suffering from trauma and loss. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3(2), 279-287.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed method for working through traumatic memories and related psychological problems. Recent literature reviews find strong support for EMDR's value in trauma therapy. The first studies using EMDR wth children and adolescents yield similar findings. A case is presented to illustrate the procedure as used in clinical practice. EMDR appears to be a promising new resource for helping children and adolescents recover from truama and loss. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Case Report Females Preadolescents Rape Survivors Torture PTSD Clinical Case Study Empirical Study
145. Greenwald, R. (1994, Winter). Applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to the treatment of traumatized children: Five case studies. Anxiety Disorders Practice Journal, 1(2), 83-97.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy method that appears to increase efficiency in treating traumatized psychological disturbance. Applications to child treatment were explored in five case studies of children suffering from post-traumatic symptoms several months after Hurricane Andrew. Subjects were treated with one or two EMDR sessions, until Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUDS) went to 0. Follow-up parent interviews at one and four weeks post-treatment found all subjects returning to pre-trauma levels of functioning, with additional improvement in some cases. Further study is recommended. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Females Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Males School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
146. Greenwald, R. (1997). Children's mental health care in the 21st century: Eliminating the trauma burden. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry On-Line.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Contemporary child mental health care is compared unfavorably to its medical counterpart, which offers prevention and early intervention in addition to treatment of symptoms. Child trauma, broadly defined., is characterized as a ubiquitous, under-treated, primary source of psychopathology. Traumatic experiences which remain unintegrated accumulate as a trauma burden, leading to reactivity and impairment. Two recently developed trauma-focused interventions atre described: critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Combined with screening and early identification of traumatized children, CISD and EMDR can be used economically for widespread elimination of the trauma burden.
Keywords: Children Mental Health Care Trauma
147. Greenwald, R. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with traumatized youth. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 246-264). New York: Guilford Press. xx, 316 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be used to treat trauma/loss memories and related symptoms in children and adolescents. The literature on EMDR indicates not only that it works well, but that it may be more efficient than other methods. The reasons for its effect are unclear. Several cases are presented. It is important that clinicians receive formal training to use EMDR, and that it is integrated into a comprehensive trauma-informed treatment approach. [Text, p. 246]
Keywords: Children Survivors Rape Child Abuse Bereavement Community Violence Effects Psychotherapeutic Processes
148. Greenwald, R. (2000). The trauma orientation and child therapy. In K. N. Dwivedi (Ed.), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (pp. 7-24). London: Whurr Publishers.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is virtually universal in this population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of the disorder including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training, and trauma resolution and integrates eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Two illustrative case examples are presented and discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Stressors Survivors PTSD Assessment Children Adolescents
149. Greenwald, R. (2000). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. In K. N. Dwivedi (Ed.). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (pp.198-212). London: Whurr Publishers.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Discusses the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of child and adolescent trauma survivors, with two case examples of succesful EMDR therapy in preadolescents. [Pilots]
Keywords: Children Adolescents PTSD Stressors Survivors Disruptive Behavior Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Preadolescents
150. Greenwald, R. (1993). Using EMDR with children. Presentation at a Level II EMDR Training, Pacific Grove, CA: EMDR Institute Inc..
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children
151. Greenwald, R. (1997, July). Organizational meeting of the special interest group for children and adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Adolescents
152. Greenwald, R. (1997, July). Symposium on EMDR research with children and adolescents - Research on EMDR and children: Work in progress. Symposium at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Children Adolescents Research
153. Greenwald, R. (2001). EMDR in der Psychotherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Handbuch. Paderborn: Junfermann.
Language: German
Format: Book
Keywords: Children Adolescents
154. Greenwald, R. (1993, Spring). Treating children’s nightmares with EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(1), 7-9.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: This articles discusses a protocol that aI have found particularly useful in the treatment of children's nightmares which have manifested from a single traumatic event (e.g., care accidents and hurricanes).
Keywords: Nightmares Children Single Traumatic Event
155. Greenwald, R. (2001, 1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This book serves several functions. First, it provides an introduction to a trauma-based integrative approach to child and adolescent psychotherapy, incorporating the selective use of EMDR. It also provides a practical reference for clinicians seeking both theoretical and technical guidance on how to use EMDR with children and adolescents, and it serves as a documented standard of care for training and research purposes. [Text, p. xxvi] [Pilots]
Keywords: Children Adolescents Stressors Survivors
156. Greenwald, R. (1994). Using EMDR with children: “Cleaning up” afterwards. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Since describing an evolving approach to using EMDR with children (Greenwald, 1993), I have become aware of a subtle problem in confirming that a child has completed the processing of a memory. This may occur whether the full adult protocol is used, or a more abbreviated imagery- focused adaptation is chosen.
Keywords: Children
157. Grinbaum, A., & Levy, M. (2007, June). Working with child care in public service. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Work in child care in a pubic service, brings us to accept a; people who come to us whatever their origin (Mediterranean, Black Africa, Asia), their social class (from the most impoverished to the upper class), or any kind of difficulty (from school and socio-educational problems to autism or serious psychosis). We are psychologists, psychoanalysts ad family therapist with more than 25 years of experience. Through our work, we learned listening, patience, neutrality, and interpretation. While sometimes our experience brought us to invent means to come in contact with them, our experience brought us to invent means to come in contact with them, the EMDR method gave us another mode of relation with the child which is at the same time more flexible and closer to them. Since our training in 2004, we noticed a change in our practice ad in the attitude of our colleagues and fellow workers toward us. We would like to describe in this talk the feeling of freedom we felt to work with such a rigid protocol; to work differently with problems like drugs or sexual abuse as well as difficulties in early childhood to work in turn with the parent and the children, to work with the whole family while treating one of their members in from of them. We want to present some clinical examples and share with you the enthusiasm that this new therapy arouses in us after so many years of practice.
Keywords: Poster Children Child Care
158. Grosso, F. C. (1996, June). Children and OCD: Extending the treatment paradigm. EMDRIA Newsletter, 1(1), 10-11.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Tammy, a vivacious 6-year-old, was brought to my office by her parents who had observed the development of ritualistic behaviors soon after Tammy started to walk. These rituals consisted of arranging her toys to such a precise degree that she was unable to leave her room until each toy was exactly in its place. As she grew older, cleaning became another compulsive behavior that paralyzed her. Tammy’s ritualistic behavior was affecting the whole family to such an extent that her parents were blaming and fighting with each other, and her younger siblings were becoming “difficult” and “uncooperative.”
159. Havelka, J. (2006). Hoe groot ben jij naast een brandweerman?' Traumaverwerkingmet EMDR als een episode in een kindertherapie - [When you stand next to a fireman: Dealing with trauma using EMDR in therapy with children]. Tijdschrift Cliëntgerichte Psychotherapie, 44 (3), 191-208.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: Dit artikel tracht te illustreren hoe traumaverwerking deel kan uitmaken van een langdurige individuele therapie. Wanneer één, of meerdere traumatische gebeurtenissen het therapieproces blokkeren, is het mogelijk een episode van traumaverwerking in therapie in te bouwen waarbij men - als aanvulling van de gesprekstherapie - gebruik kan maken van EMDR. Het eerste deel van dit artikel is een kort overzicht van de belangrijkste kenmerken van het PTSS-syndroom en er wordt uitvoerig ingegaan op de geschiedenis, theorie en praktijk van EMDR en meer specifiek het gebruik ervan bij kinderen. Vervolgens wordt de parallel getrokken tussen cliëntgerichte therapie, cognitieve gedragstherapie en traumaverwerking met EMDR. Het tweede deel van dit artikel is een casusbespreking van een 11-jarige jongen wiens moeder voor zijn ogen verbrand werd door gloeiende frituurolie, waarin het gebruik van EMDR bij kinderen wordt uitgewerkt.
Keywords: Children Trauma Therapy Treatment
160. Heide, K. M., & Solomon, E. P. (2006, May-June). Biology, childhood trauma, and murder: Rethinking justice. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 29, (3), 220-233.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This article reviews recent findings in the developmental neurophysiology of children subjected to psychological trauma. Studies link extreme neglect and abuse with long-term changes in the nervous and endocrine systems. A growing body of research literature indicates that individuals with severe trauma histories are at higher risk of behaving violently than those without such histories. This article links these two research areas by discussing how severe and protracted child abuse and/or neglect can lead to biological changes, putting these individuals at greater risk for committing homicide and other forms of violence than those without child maltreatment histories. The implications of these biological findings for forensic evaluations are discussed. Based on new understanding of the effects of child maltreatment, the authors invite law and mental health professionals to rethink their notions of justice and offender accountability, and they challenge policymakers to allocate funds for research into effective treatment and for service delivery. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: PTSD Literature Review Children Adolescents Neurophysiology Neuroendocrinology Child Abuse Neglect Forensic Evaluation Survivors Criminal Behavior Murder Homicide Violence Child Abuse Trauma Brain Development Attachment Child Neglect Juvenile Offenders Sociopathy Criminal Responsibility Mitigating Factors Forensic Evaluation
161. Heiman, M., Packwood, S., Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., & Peterson, G. (2003, June). EMDR & children: A guide for parents, professionals, and others who care about children. EMDR International Association.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a treatment method that is effective for resolving emotional difficulties caused by disturbing, difficult, or frightening life experiences. EMDR has been used to help children overcome traumatic events and other childhood problems and symptoms.
Keywords: Children Guide Brochure
162. Hensel, T. (2008, January). EMDR mit kindern und jugendlichen. Ein handbuch. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 36(1), 69.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Das Buch fasst in strukturierter und praxisnaher Weise das aktuelle Wissen über die Anwendung von EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zusammen. Nach 15 Jahren klinischer Praxis und Forschung hat sich diese Methode als evidenz-basiertes und hoch effektives Verfahren für die Behandlung von Traumfolgestörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter etabliert. Die umfassende Darstellung soll die nicht immer leichte Integration der ungewöhnlichen Methode in die eigene psychotherapeutische Praxis unterstützen und helfen, ein strukturiertes traumazentriertes Vorgehen zu etablieren. Ausführlich werden das Vorgehen nach dem Altersmodifizierten Standardprotokoll (ASP) sowie kreative Varianten von EMDR (Arbeit mit Narrativen, Externalisierung von Symptomen) dargestellt. Fragen des störungsspezifischen Vorgehens werden ebenso erörtert wie die Einbettung von EMDR in spieltherapeutische Behandlungsansätze. Die Arbeit mit komplextraumatisierten Kindern sowie von Jugendlichen mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens. Wie EMDR in der Akutversorgung eingesetzt werden kann, wird ebenfalls beschrieben. Abschließend werden die Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, EMDR in Anträge im Rahmen des Gutachterverfahrens in die Psychotherapierichtlinien einfließen zu lassen. Ein Anhang mit Adressen und Materialien für die EMDR-Arbeit rundet das Handbuch ab.
Keywords: Children Adolescents
163. Hensel, T. (2007). EMDR mit kindern und jugendlichen: Ein handbuch - [EMDR with children and adolescents: A handbook]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract: Das Buch fasst in strukturierter und praxisnaher Weise das aktuelle Wissen über die Anwendung von EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zusammen. Nach 15 Jahren klinischer Praxis und Forschung hat sich diese Methode als evidenz-basiertes und hoch effektives Verfahren für die Behandlung von Traumfolgestörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter etabliert.
Keywords: Kinderpsychotherapie -- Augenbewegungs-Desensibilisierung Jugendpsychotherapie -- Augenbewegungs-Desensibilisierung
164. Hensel, T. (2006, April). Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen - [Effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents]. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 15(2), 107-117.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) has proved to be an independent, effective, and empirically validated approach for the treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. This work provides an overview of the status of research into the use of EMDR in traumatized children and adolescents. The available controlled randomized studies are summarized and assessed for their methodistic value. The empirically supported and effective treatment is described. The results show - albeit on a narrow empirical basis - that EMDR, when used in children and adolescents, demonstrates a comparable effectiveness in symptom reduction and efficiency (limited treatment duration) to that observed in adults. Issues relating to the integration of the treatment into the existing care structure are discussed.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist ein eigenständiges, effektives und empirisch gut belegtes Verfahren zur Behandlung chronischer posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) im Erwachsenenalter. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand des Einsatzes von EMDR bei traumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die existierenden kontrolliert-randomisierten Studien werden zusammengefasst und in ihrer methodologischen Güte eingeschätzt. Die empirische Bewährtheit und Effektivität des Verfahrens wird dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse weisen - wenn auch auf schmaler empirischer Basis - darauf hin, dass EMDR bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hinsichtlich der Symptomreduktion und Effizienz (geringe Behandlungsdauer) vergleichbar wirksam ist wie bei Erwachsenen. Fragen der Integration des Verfahrens in die bestehende Versorgungsstruktur werden diskutiert.
Keywords: Psychologically Traumatized Children Adolescents Chronic PTSD Treatment Chronic Illness Emotional Trauma PTSD Effectiveness Care Bilateral Stimulation Children Adolescents Empirically Supported Treatment Effektivität Versorgung Bilaterale Stimulierung Kinder Jugendliche Empirische Bewährtheit Empirical Study Quantitative Study
165. Hensel, T. (2009). EMDR with children and adolescents after single-incident trauma: An intervention study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 2-9.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This study used a naturalistic design to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents who were exposed to single-incident trauma. Participants were 36 children and adolescents ranging in age from 1 year 9 months to 18 years 1 month who were referred consecutively to the author's private practice. Assessments were conducted at intake, post-waitlist/pretreatment, and at follow up. EMDR treatment resulted in significant improvement (Cohen's d = 1.87). Follow-ups after 6 months revealed stable, further slight improvement. It was shown that children younger than 4 years of age can be treated using EMDR and that the group of preschool children had the same benefit from the treatment as the school-age children.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Trauma Treatment Outcome
166. Hiraoka, A. (2006). EMDR sessions with a child in the welfare facility for children having shown sexual deviant behaviour. Kodomo no Gyakutai to Negurekuto, 8(10), 29-38.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Here is reported about EMDR sessions with a child showing deviant sexual behaviour, in the care of the Welfare Facility for Children. 1) Semi-structured interviews were arranged in order to clarify the situation with regards to the child's potential for self-observation, compassion for the victim, realization of having done the victim wrong, further the eventual existence of dominating and/or aggressive straits. Further, based upon the possible sexual experience behind the deviant sexual behavior, there was a need to find out whether the child earlier had himself been a victim for sexual abuse. 2) Generally even if it only would be considered a light/non-serious deviance, one should, based upon its presence, reflect upon the possibility of the deviant child having been sexually abused. 3) As the case records describe flashbacks from sexual abuse, the EMDR was applied with the effect that the sexual deviant behaviour disappeared. By using EMDR the past traumatic memory was changed into a 'safe' memory, with the child having returned to normal initiative-rich life under development. 4) As the link between being victim and having victimized has disappeared, there is a future need for a coordinated effort from the Child Guidance Center and the Welfare Facility to consider the protection and intervention methods. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Child Children Sexual Abuse
167. Hogberg, G. (2009, July). EMDR and the art of psychotherapy with children. Acta Pædiatrica, 98(7), 1230-1230.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Book Review
168. Högberg, G. (1999). Tinker Robert H, Wilson Sandra A., Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. Läkartidningen, 96(49), 5547.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Book Review
169. Högberg, G., & Hällström, T. (2008). Active multimodal psychotherapy in children and adolescents with suicidality: Description, evaluation and clinical profile. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 435-448.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical pattern of 14 youths with presenting suicidality, to describe an integrative treatment approach, and to estimate therapy effectiveness. Fourteen patients aged 10 to 18 years from a child and adolescent outpatient clinic in Stockholm were followed in a case series. The patients were treated with active multimodal psychotherapy. This consisted of mood charting by mood-maps, psycho-education, wellbeing practice and trauma resolution. Active techniques were psychodrama and body-mind focused techniques including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The patients were assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment and at 22 months post treatment with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The clinical pattern of the group was observed. After treatment there was a significant change towards normality in the Global Assessment of Functioning scale both immediately post-treatment and at 22 months. A clinical pattern, post trauma suicidal reaction, was observed with a combination of suicidality, insomnia, bodily symptoms and disturbed mood regulation. We conclude that in the post trauma reaction suicidality might be a presenting symptom in young people. Despite the shortcomings of a case series the results of this study suggest that a mood-map-based multimodal treatment approach with active techniques might be of value in the treatment of children and youth with suicidality.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Suicid
170. Imbroinise, F. (2008, June). The function of the EMDR approach as an anamnestic and therapeutic tool in paediatrics - psychosocial unit. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: 652 children were treated during 2007 in our Paediatrics - psychosocial unit. The EMDR approach was a means to do the history taking and anamnesis and it was used as well as an intervention methodology for all pathologies and disturbances. Our clients received EMDR as inpatients in our war or as outpatients referred by the community paediatric services. Our therapeutical programme includes a detailed anamnesis done together with both parents or with caregivers if the child is very small or with the child himself if he’s able to provide the information. History taking with the EMDR approach is an unique opportunity for the family to focus on family life and its dynamics, and to analyse their unbalanced relational and affective patterns, which they are not always aware of. Subsequently a therapeutical programme is outlined where EMDR is presented as a treatment method to face and resolve the presenting complaints. This therapeutical approach facilitates the symptomatology resolution and is useful to develop a more aware vision of their own family dynamics. Another beneficial effect is to promote a greater psychophysical wellbeing for the client, providing a new meaning to the somatic disorder and helping the family to understand and manage their child’s problems in a more functional way. This poster describes all phases of the intervention and the disorders treated in our unit with EMDR.
Keywords: Anamnesis Children Pediatrics Paediatrics
171. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. (2006). EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults. Traumatology, 12(2), 121-129.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is recognized as an effective and efficient treatment for trauma-related issues. This article describes an integrated EMDR and group treatment for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model. The hypothesis is that the resulting hybrid offers more extensive reach than did the original EMDR model, which was intended for use with individuals, and takes treatment efficacy and efficiency well beyond that expected from traditional group process. To illustrate the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising results of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale traumatic events (e.g., natural disasters). Controlled research is needed to clarify this issue.
Keywords: Latin America Natural Disaster PSTD Trauma Children
172. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. G. (2005, March). Protocolo grupal e integrativo con EMDR: Intervención post-catástrofe para niños y adultos - [EMDR integrative group treatment: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 4(1), 22-29 .
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract: El Reprocesamiento y Desensibilización a través del Movimiento Ocular (EMDR) por sus siglas en inglés, es reconocido como un tratamiento efectivo y eficiente para tratar asuntos relacionados con trauma. Este artículo describe la aplicación de una intervención grupal con EMDR para niños y adultos traumatizados por desastres naturales en varios países de Latinoamérica. Para ejemplificar la aplicación del modelo, se describe un estudio de campo medido formalmente y nueve proyectos piloto. Los prometedores resultados de esta intervención grupal sugieren que el EMDR es un medio efectivo para dar tratamiento a grandes grupos de personas afectadas por eventos traumáticos en gran escala (desastres naturales, terrorismo). Es necesaria más investigación controlada sobre este tema.
EMDR has been accepted as an effective and efficient approach in the treatment of trauma related issues. A model is described for using an EMDR group intervention for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. To exemplify the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising outcomes of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means for providing treatment to large groups of survivors affected by large scale traumatic events (natural disasters, terrorism, etc.). Anyway, more controlled research about this issue is needed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Natural Disasters Survivors School Age Children Adolescents Adults Group Psychotherapy Mexicans Nicaraguans Salvadorans Colombians Venezuelans Argentines Latinoamérica Desastre Natural Estrés Postraumático Trauma
173. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Mauer, M., Lopez Cano, T., & Alcala, N. (1999, November). Children’s post traumatic stress after natural disasters: Integrative treatment protocols. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Poster
174. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Montero, M., & Lena, L. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 97-105.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in different parts of the world since 1998 with both adults and children after natural or man-made disasters. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual application of EMDR. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 16 bereaved children after a human provoked disaster in the Mexican State of Coahuila in 2006. Results showed a significant decrease in scores on the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although controlled research is needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention, preliminary results suggest that EMDR-IGTP may be an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale critical incidents (e.g., human-provoked disasters, terrorism, natural disasters. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Group Treatment Latin American Human-Provoked Disaster PTSD Children Group Psychotherapy Explosions Industrial Accidents Death of Parent Survivors Mexicans School Age Children Psychotherapeutic Processes Treatment Effectiveness Males Females
175. Jayatunge, R. M. (2008). Combating tsunami disaster through EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 140-145.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: After the 2004 tsunami devastation in Sri Lanka, many citizens experienced severe psychological reactions. The effectiveness of EMDR is illustrated in the treatment of 7 of these individuals: 3 children and 2 adults with PTSD symptoms and 2 adults with depressive symptoms. After 3-8 sessions of EMDR the symptoms were eradicated and these clients were free from their depressive feelings, anxieties, intrusions, and nightmares, were able to function normally, and were able to lead productive lives. These outcomes replicate those in the research literature demonstrating that EMDR is an efficacious treatment for PTSD in general, with specific utility for disaster-related PTSD. It is recommended that future controlled studies be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR in the immediate aftermath of disasters and to assess its effectiveness with major depressive disorder. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Disaster South Asia 2004 Tsnumai Children Adults Sri Lanka
176. Jeffres, M. J. (2003). The efficacy of EMDR with traumatized children. Fielding Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, CA. AAT 3100543.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of up to five 60-minute sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children (ages 8-12) who had suffered one or more traumas. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned to either an EMDR experimental group or a waiting list control. They were provided treatment by one of five therapists, all of whom were experienced, independent clinicians having received Level 2 training in the EMDR technique. The therapists followed Shapiro's protocol for children and were in 90% compliance with the protocol. The participants were carefully screened according to Shapiro criteria. This study was unique in that it included an integrated outcome measure (UCLA PTSD Index), consisting of an assessment of PTSD criteria and a rating of symptoms, reported by both parent and child. Analysis of pre-post changes consisted of two 2 x 3 ANCOVAs, one each for the child and adult report. The analysis of covariance revealed a main effect for the covariate (the pretest total PTSD Score), a main effect for group, and a significant group x time interaction effect, for both the child and adult report. Post hoc (Scheffe) analysis revealed that participants maintained the benefits of treatment at 1-month follow-up. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(8-B), 2004, pp. 4042.
Keywords: Emotional Trauma Eye Movements Empirical Study Quantitative Study
177. Johnson, K. (1998). Trauma in the lives of children: crisis and stress management techniques for counselors, teachers, and other professionals. (2nd U.S. ed.) Claremont, CA: Hunter House.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This is an invaluable source for educating professionals and families about helping children regain security in times of trauma. Using a solutions-based interdisciplinary approach, this illustrated book explains how children react to specific types of trauma and how to work with a traumatized child. The nationwide movement toward School Crisis Response Teams, the DSM-IV's new category for post-traumatic stress, and the use of EMDR for treatment is covered.
Keywords: Children PTSD Stress
178. Juraschka, W. (2009, May). Resourcing the child inside the trauma memory. Paper presented at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Learn this therapeutic intervention for adults traumatized as children by working inside the trauma memory when EMDR reprocessing breaks down because of emotional flooding. The inability to maintain dual attention is the primary cause of feeling overwhelmed and needing to stop. Intense emotions pull the client back into their memory and make it feel like they are reliving it (Re-traumatize). The goal of working inside the memory is to Rescue, Witness, Nurture, and Restore resourceful qualities to the frozen child within. This will help stabilize the client and allow the therapist to continue EMDR reprocessing.
179. Kirsch, A., Krause, R., Spang, J., & Sachsse, U. (2008). [Childhood-onset versus acute, adult-onset traumatized patients in the light of amnestic tendencies and derealisation]. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, 54(3), 277-284..
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the present study we examined the facial affective behaviour of acute adult-onset traumatized patients versus childhood-onset traumatized patients. Furthermore, we analyzed whether a decrease in emotional numbing results from a reduction of symptoms. We used amnestic tendencies as a moderator variable. METHODS: The facial affective behaviour was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. The facial affective behaviour of the patient's first and last EMDR sessions was compared. RESULTS: Childhood-onset and acute adult-onset traumatized patients showed the same reduction of overall facial activity. We found significantly higher psychic complaints (global severity index) (SCL-90-R) in childhood-onset traumatized patients and no difference in amnestic tendencies (FDS) between the two groups. Childhood-onset traumatized patients showed higher values of derealisation (FDS). CONCLUSIONS: The facial affective reduction remains constant over time. Also childhood-onset traumatized patients developed more psychic complaints and greater derealisat.
Keywords: Children Derealization Facial Affective Behavior Adult-Onset Trauma Childhood-Onset Trauma
180. Klaff, F. (1996, June). Integrating EMDR and family therapy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children
181. Klaff, F. (1999, December). Ask Doctor Frankie, because…There is no such thing as a silly question (Although I may have a silly answer). EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4), 11-12.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: I provide some of the questions that people have asked at my trainings on working with children in a family context.
Keywords: Questions and Answers Children
182. Klaff, F. (2005, September). Practical EMDR with children and adolescents: An integrative family systems approach. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop offers creative and practical applications for integrating EMDR into child, adolescent and family systems therapy. Ways to introduce EMDR, uncover targets, adapt cognitive interweave to different ages and stages of development and assess and utilize parental involvement will be taught. Problems, such as resistance, family complexities and chronic versus crisis problems, will be addressed. Enhancement skills including affect management and ego strengthening will be taught. The how-to's of play, art, music and stories as vehicles for creatively using EMDR will be demonstrated. Cases involving ADHD, adoption, cutting, divorce, sexual abuse and other traumas will be illustrated with videos, scripts and roleplay. Dr. Klaff is known far her lively presentations, creativity and humor.
Keywords: Integrative Family Systems Approach Adolescents Children
183. Klaff, F. (2001, November). How can the traumatized children be helped with EMDR. EMDRNews.com.
Language: English
Format: Other
184. Klaff, F. (2002, June). Portrait of a family: Fitting EMDR to the family and child. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: What is particularly unique is that this presenter has documented verbatim scripts and filmed sessions of two families over a time span covering 8 years. It is possible from this data to track recurring themes and issues and demonstrate how EMDR was helpful to the recipients over time. Presented are practical and creative ways of incorporating parents into treatment and viewing the treatment of the child in a broad context. It demonstrates how to make actual systemic maneuvers during an EMDR session, how to work with the individual on systemic family issues and how to follow up EMDR sessions with further family work.
Keywords: Children
185. Klaff, F. (2007). Children of divorce. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 284-305). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. xxxiii, 470 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Much attention has been devoted to examining whether divorce negatively impacts children's psychological adjustment, or whether divorce is now so prevalent that it can be considered a normative transitional event (Kaslow, 1981). Divorce brings many structural and functional changes. These include the logistic and emotional complications of a nonresidential parent, financial disequilibrium, and two systems with differing rules and expectations. Additionally, there are new subsystem components, such as parental figures, step- and half-siblings, and extended families with a potentially motley cast of new characters and different environments impacting the system. What constitutes "family" for children of divorce is often quite different from what is traditionally viewed as the nuclear family. This chapter discusses divorce effects on childhood adjustment; family systems-based treatment of divorce; adaptive information processing model applied to divorce issues; and the therapy process--integrative family therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Two case examples are presented, followed by a concluding discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Integrative Family Therapy Therapy Process Children of Divorce Family Systems Adjustment Adaptive Information Processing Model Divorce Emotional Adjustment Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Family Systems Theory Family Models
186. Klaff, F. R. (1995, June). Treatment of children's fears with EMDR. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Through case material, the usefullness of EMDR is illustrated for the treatment of children's fears and phobias. The issue of integrating EMDR treatment with more traditional treatment is also addressed, especially with more complex contextual problems. Three case histories are presented with emphasis on the most complicated case. Family therapy treatment espouses the notion that psychopathology in the child results from dysfunctional family functioning, and as such the entire family system has to be treated. This concept is broadened with the use of EMDR. The first case illustrates a single trauma event in which a 6 year old boy was bitten by a rottweiler. Presenting symptoms were nightmares, fear of sleeping alone, poor school performance, persistent thoughts and fear of dogs. The first session of EMDR was successful in eliminating most of these fears. A second EMDR session focusing on a nightmare was also successful. Two follow up sessions with the family dealt with other parenting issues and the possibility of attention deficit disorder. The targeted problem was eliminated via EMDR. The second case demonstrates a successful one session treatment of an otherwise healthy 6 year old girl who had fears of the dark and had slept in her parent's bed for years. In the third case, a complex symptomatology is presented of a nine year old girl (Lily) with a severe, life threatening heart condition for which she has undergone 4 delicate aortal surgeries since age 2 and is on a medication maintenance regimen. Future surgery is anticipated during adolescence. Family history is significant for mother's struggle to overcome alcohol addiction, depression and past abuse. The family has financial pressures. Family system analysis reveals over involvement between mother and daughter, peripheral father and sibling rivalry (daughter 11). Family treatment involved boundary and limit setting, hierarchical restructuring and family communication skills. The illness as an organizing factor in the family system was repeatedly addressed. Interspersed with this treatment approach were EMDR sessions for daughters and mother. Lily had fears of separation fiom mother, fears of dying, choking, becoming ill, swimming, going to bed, and fears of the devil (as learned in their fundamentalist religion) as well as several other fears. EMDR sessions targeted these fears, and sometimes several fears were intertwined, such as fear of sleeping, the devil coming into her room and taking her away to die. Cognitive interweave was used when she appeared stuck. Through the EMDR treatments, Lily was able to deeply examine her fears, based on the real life uncertainties she faced. Her progress demonstrated a particularly poignant attempt to make sense of the meaning of life and cope with the threat of death.
187. Klaff, F., & Dutton, P. (2000, September). EMDR in the playroom: Creative processing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will: 1) understand the necessity of eliciting material from children in indirect, projective ways; 2) understand the meaning of "creative processing" in the EMDR context as a method of both accessing and treating children's problems where direct methods may fail to produce desired outcome; 3) learn specific skills which apply the EMDR method through the medium of fantasy, play, story, metaphor, sensory experience, and enactment; 4) learn how to apply the creative process to separate elements of the standard EMDR protocol, and to make adjustments appropriate to the age and developmental stage of the individual child; 5) observe direct use of EMDR creative processing techniques via case material and videotaped therapy sessions; and 6) recognize the importance of integrating family systemic issues into use of the techniques, as well as embedding the method into a total contextual treatment of the child.
Keywords: Children Fantasy Play Storytelling Metaphor Sensory Experience Enactment
188. Klaff, F., & Dutton, P. (2004, September). The short and the long of it: Crisis versus routine treatment of children and adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR techniques with children following crisis will be demonstrated drawing from interventions developed directly at international disaster sites. The nature of immediate intervention with dramatic trauma problems will be addressed in terms of treatment goals, techniques and outcomes. Safety preparation skills using interactive safe place and a quick phobia protocol to clear prior problems will be taught. This approach will be contrasted with more routine treatment for past trauma and resistant family system problems. Clinical issues will be analyzed with videotaped cases treated both in childhood and later in adolescence. Repetitive themes and unresolved issues will be highlighted. The evolution of therapist experience with resultant refinement of treatment skills will be discussed.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
189. Klaus, P. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: The use of EMDR to unlock the potential for healing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Physical Illness Injury Children Adults
190. Klaus, P., & Casadaban, A. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: The use of EMDR with physically challenged individuals. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Physical Illness Injury Physically Challenged Individuals
191. Kleinman, M., & Kleinman, M. (1998, July). The dynamics of family violence: Its impact on women and children: Using EMDR to treat victims and perpetrators. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will: 1) understand the subtleties and complexities of abusive relationships; 2) be able to assess children for subtle signs of abuse and coercion, including brainwashing; 3) be taken through a case of successful treatment of a perpetrator; 4) be able to employ EMDR with victims of domestic vilence to "unhook" them from a controlling partner; 5) know the strategic points to address therapeutically with children growing up in these families and how to use EMDR to process past trauma and to restore self esteem; 6) better understand what makes an abuser "tick" and to assess whether or not to use EMDR with perpetrators; and 7) gain a fuller understanding of domestic violence.
Keywords: Family Violence Victims Children Women Perpetrators Brainwashing Domestic Violence
192. Korkmazler-Oral, U., & Pamuk, S. (2002). Group EMDR with child survivors of the earthquake in Turkey. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR : clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 47-50) London : The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. pp.52.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: This study was structured under emergency conditions to support and help children psychologically, just after the acute period of the earthquake that took place on 17 August 1999 in Turkey. EMDR, healing stories and artwork were administered to 16 children (10-11 years old) on a group basis in the tent city. Their symptoms were restlessness, not being able to stay alone, fear of the dark, fear of loud noises and anxiety. The children enjoyed the opportunity to express and reprocess their traumatic experiences with the help of EMDR and artwork, which became apparent when their SUDs level went down from 9/10 to 10.
Keywords: Occasional Paper Children Survivors Earthquake
193. Kraft, S., Schepker, R., Goldbeck, L., & Fegert, J. M. (2006). Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Eine Übersicht empirischer Wirksamkeitsstudien - [Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents -- A review of treatment outcome studies]. Nervenheilkunde: Zeitschrift für interdisziplinaere Fortbildung, 25(9), 709-716.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: Based on a systematic literature search, the current state of knowledge on the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents is summarized and reviewed. Nineteen randomized controlled clinical trials were found for psychotherapy, and none for pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment programs has been substantiated, with the participation of a parent or caretaker in the treatment seeming to be beneficial. There are promising studies for Eye Movement Desensitizafion and Reprocessing (EMDR) and for Multisystemic Family Therapy. However, because of small sample sizes and lacking replication, their results have to be regarded as provisional. Up to now, there are no controlled clinical trials on pharmacological treatments for traumatized children and adolescents. More studies on this numerically relevant and partly severely impaired group are to be claimed. Studies on differential indication of different treatment approaches and on the efficacy of combination treatments, as psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy, are lacking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescent Psychiatry Child Psychiatry Drug Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment Outcomes Literature Review
194. Kreck, C. (1996, September 4). The eyes heal it: Therapy eases painful memories. Denver, CO: The Denver Post, Rockies, Living, G-01.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: But a neurological process called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing as a possible cure for the disorder has piqued interest, and the WHO will send Denver psychiatrist Bert Furmansky across the world to see if the process can help some of the shell-shocked casualties of Afghanistan's civil war. Discovered and developed by California psychologist Francine Shapiro over the last 10 years, EMDR requires no drugs, may take only three sessions with a trained therapist and isn't language-based.
Keywords: Abused Children Raped Women War Veterans Regugees Denver
195. Latenstein, E., & de Roos, C. (2005, June). Treatment of a couple that survived the tsunami with their four children. Symposium at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: "EMDR in action." Part 2
Twelve days after the 26th of December 2004 a couple came to my private
practice, on referral from Prof. Dr. Ad de Jongh. that looked death in the
eye when the Tsunami hit Sri Lanka. The couple has four children, age four to
eleven, who survived with them. On Sri Lanka they were called 'The fortune
family'. They both had severe symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder: reliving the
disaster day and night and were, only just, managing to take care of the
children and their daily life.
They already read about EMDR and had their hopes up that I could help
them stabilize. As soon as they started telling me about their distressing
experience I noticed that, especially the woman, started reliving it. Knowing
that they had been telling everything already many times to family and friends, I asked them f I could immediately do the first EMDR session with each of them. Quite noticeable was that the experience was still in their minds with every detail and with several peaks of the most distressing
moments. In total they had three single sessions each with two-days intervals.
Their children who at first were doing relatively well had started to develop
serious symptoms and needed treatment; after the three EMDR sessions for
each of the parents they were stable and could give their full attention to
EMDR-treatment of their children, who went to Carlijn de Roos MA, clinical
child-psychologist. who leads a trauma centre for children in the
Netherlands. At the end of February the parents were still doing well and at
the time of the EMDR Europe Conference I will have seen them for a follow-up.
196. Lea, G. W. (1995). A case of spontaneous EMDR in a child. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Clinicians trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing WMDR) are well aware of the often cited report of Dr. Shapiro's discovery of Eye Movement Desensitization. The following is a brief account of an 8- year-old male sexual abuse victim who spontaneously discovered eye movement desensitization.
Keywords: Children
197. Lievegoed, R. & Seubert, A. (2004, June). Symposium children and EMDR - Trauma and beyond: EMDR in the treatment of traumatized clients with mental retardation (MH/MR diagnosis). Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Children Trauma
198. Lovett, J. (2008, 2009). El enredo Trauma – Apego: Ayudemos a padres e hijos a salir de estas ataduras – [Entanglement Trauma - Attachment: Help parents and children to leave these shackles]. In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Eds.), Terapias de avanzada - [Advanced therapies] : Vol. 5, Abordajes en EMDR : Trauma y disociacion – Ninos y adolescentes – Fertilidad, inferitilidad, y esterilidad - Psicoprofilaxis, quiruigica, adicciones - [Approaches in EMDR: Trauma and dissociation – Children and adolescents – Fertility, infertility, and sterility – Psychoprofilaxis, Surgery, Addictions] (1st ed) (pp. 197-200) Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Attachment Children Adolescents
199. Lovett, J. (2008, 2009). Usando EMDR para ayudar a los niños a recuperarse de prácticas médicas traumáticas – [Using EMDR to help children recover from traumatic medical practices]. In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Eds.), Terapias de avanzada - [Advanced therapies] : Vol. 5, Abordajes en EMDR : Trauma y disociacion – Ninos y adolescentes – Fertilidad, inferitilidad, y esterilidad - Psicoprofilaxis, quiruigica, adicciones - [Approaches in EMDR: Trauma and dissociation – Children and adolescents – Fertility, infertility, and sterility – Psychoprofilaxis, Surgery, Addictions] (1st ed) (pp. 201-247) Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Medical Abuse
200. Lovett, J. (2000). The trauma-attachment tangle: Let’s Help Children and Parents Out of the Bind. The Children's Group Therapy Association Newsletter,.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Keywords: Children Adults Trauma Treatment Attachment
201. Lovett, J. M. (2004, September). Small wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Dr. Lovett's workshop will focus on practical treatment approaches for resolving trauma and attachment issues in children and inner children. The presentation will include experiential learning, case studies, slides, and videos demosntrating EMDR-facilitated play, storytelling, and imagination exercises. Participants will learn to recognize the impact of early trauma on development, trust, and relationships. They will learn to use post traumatic behaviors and trauma history to guide treatment, and to choose interweaves, positive cognitions, and stories that facilitate healing. This workshop will present ways by which EMDR can help adults, as well as children, raise healthy inner parents.
Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors
202. Lovett, J. M. (1995, June). EMDR with Children: Eleven months to eleven years. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: There are special considerations when treating children for critical incidents, anxiety, or other "EMDR amenable" conditions. Especially challenging for EMDR practitioners, young children may not be able to verbalize their thoughts, feelings, or beliefs children old enough to understand treatment options may choose to keep their symptoms rather than experience temporarily increased anxiety during treatment. Even cooperative children may not be able to identify a positive cognition because their life experience and/or cognitive development have not yet permitted resources for self-soothing or making sense of life changing events. Furthermore, children are dependent on an adult or family for their physical safety and emotional wellbeing. Although the child may be the "identified patient," the parents' own post-traumatic beliefs may be triggering the child's symptoms, and a successful outcome for the child may depend on the parents' reprocessing of traumatic material. Case studies will be presented to illustrate how the EMDR practitioner workmg with children can integrate EMDR techniques with play therapy, use "EMDR enhanced" games, choose an appropriate positive cognition for a young child, introduce creative interweaves to reach trauma resolution, and work with parents to separate their PTSD triggers from their child's behavior.
Keywords: Children
203. Lovett, J. M. (2005, June). Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Dr. Lovett’s workshop will focus on practical treatment approaches for resolving trauma and attachment issues in children. The presentation will include experiential learning, case studies, slides, and videos demonstrating EMDR-facilitated play, storytelling, and imagination exercises. Participants will learn to recognize the impact of early trauma on development, trust, and relationships. They will learn to use post traumatic behaviors and trauma history to guide treatment, and to choose interweaves, positive cognitions, and stories that facilitate healing. The workshop will present ways by which EMDR can help children develp healthy “inner parents.”
Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors Trauma
204. Lovett, J. M. (2000). Kleine wunder - [Small wonders]. Paderborn: Junfermann.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract: Traumatische Erlebnisse, wie sie bei Kindern häufig vorkommen, können die normale gesunde Entwicklung der Betreffenden, ihre Selbstachtung und das Zusammenleben ihrer Familien stark belasten. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist ein umfassender therapeutischer Ansatz, der Patienten in kurzer Zeit hilft, belastende Gedanken und Emotionen, die durch traumatische Erlebnisse entstanden sind, aufzulösen. Traumatisch wirken im allgemein akzeptierten Sinne Mißbrauchs- oder Mißhandlungserlebnisse, Naturkatastrophen und Gewalttätigkeit, doch können Kinder auch viel harmlosere Vorgänge als sehr bedrohlich erfahren. Ein Unfall auf dem Spielplatz, der Verlust eines sehr nahestehenden Menschen oder Probleme in der Schule schockieren ein Kind oft viel stärker als einen Erwachsenen. Außerdem können solche Vorfälle bewirken, daß sich ein Kind hilflos und machtlos fühlt, ängstlich wird und belastende Verhaltensprobleme entwickelt. Das Buch Kleine Wunder befaßt sich auf sehr ansprechende und eingehende Weise mit den Möglichkeiten therapeutischer EMDR-Arbeit mit Kindern. Das Buch wendet sich an Eltern, die sich Sorgen darum machen, wie ihre Kinder ein gewisses grundlegendes Vertrauen entwickeln können, außerdem an Erwachsene, die sich damit beschäftigen wollen, wie die Geschehnisse in ihrer Kindheit ihr Selbstbild geprägt haben, und an Therapeuten, die mehr über EMDR sowie auch darüber erfahren wollen, wie diese Methode auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse traumatisierter Kinder abgestimmt werden kann.
Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors
205. Lovett, J. M. (2002, June). "Hospital trauma" in children: When hurting is actually helping. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: "Hospital trauma" may result when medical procedures are painful or frightening, making a child feel threatened or helpless. This presentation will describe three cases of trauma resulting from necessary medical treatment. Participants will watch videos of clinical sessions and view slides which demonstrate ways to integrate EMDR with stories, artwork, and play for treating "hospital trauma." Treatment is aimed at reframing painful and frightening medical interventiions as actually helpful and important. Participants will be able to trace behaviors to their traumatic beginnings and to use EMDR-facilitated stories, plays, and artwork to help children recover from "hospital trauma."
Keywords: Children Trauma Hospitals
206. Lovett, J. M. (1994). Case report: Treating a toddler with EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 10.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: A 20-month-old Chinese boy was referred to me by his pediatrician because of symptoms which began immediately after an automobile accident. The accident occurred when a car spun out of control on the freeway and smashed into the side of a car driven by the child's uncle. All of the doors of the car were temporarily jammed, and the family panicked when they could not get out. The uncle sustained some physical injuries, but did not require hospitalization. The toddler was examined by his pediatrician and did not have any signs of a physical injury. However, for the month following the accident, the toddler awakened crying several times nightly. During the day he was irritable, cried easily, and was frequently angry.
207. Lovett, J. M. (1997, July). EMDR with children: Treating cascades of trauma. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
208. Lovett, J. M. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: Applications of EMDR in treating medical conditions in children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Adults Physical Illness Injury
209. Lovett, J. M. (1996, June). Creative approaches to EMDR with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children
210. Lovett, J. M. (2000). La curacion del trauma infantil mediante DRMO ( EMDR) - [Small wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR]. Barcelona: Paidós Ibérica.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract: A book for parents and professionals about the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in treating children suffering the consequences of traumatic events.
Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors
211. Lovett, J. M. (1999, June). Combining EMDR with play therapy to treat a 3-year old with severe PTSD: A case study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will learn: 1) to recognize a range of posttraumatic symptoms of young children who are neonatal intensive care nursery graduates; 2) to integrate EMDR into play therapy to address these posttraumatic symptoms; 3) to identify parental beliefs whic may interfere with resolution of the child's posttraumatic symptoms; and 4) brief intervention with EMDR that can be helpful to parents.
Keywords: Play Therapy Children PTSD Case Study Posttraumatic Symptoms Play Therapy Neonatal Intensive Care
212. Lovett, J. M. (1999, June). Taming the “worries:” Combining EMDR with play therapy, narrative and art work. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will learn to: 1) select patient who could benefit from this method; 2) treat school-aged children with diffuse worries; 3) use narrative therapy techniques to externalize "The Worries," and to desensitize targets with EMDR; and 4) introduce EMDR into play and sand tray sessions.
Keywords: Play Therapy Narrative Art Children Sand Tray Therapy Worry
213. Lovett. J. (1999). Small wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press/Simon & Schuster. xiv, 240 pp..
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: A book for parents and professionals about the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in treating children suffering the consequences of traumatic events.
Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors
214. MacPhee, A. R., & Andrews, J. J. W. (2003, December). Twelve-year review of in vivo exposure: Treating specific phobias in children. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 18(1/2), 183-201.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This article reviews 15 studies using in vivo exposure to treat specific phobias in children. Six elements of research methods are considered: (a) participants clinically diagnosed; (b) subjective, behavioral, and physiological components of the fear reaction measured; (c) research design; (d) inclusion of a control group; (e) follow-up data collected; and, (f) necessity of including other treatments with in vivo exposure. The studies were obtained through a computerized search of PsycINFO and CISTI This investigation revealed that all six elements of research mc-,ethods examined inthis reieware in need ofimprovement. Suggestions for future research in this area are provided.
Keywords: In Vivo Children Phobias
215. Maxfield, L., Greenwald, R., de Roos, C., Satin, M., Azubuike, A., Borgen, R., Rubin, A., Noorthoorn, E., & de Jongh, A. (2004, September). A review of PTSD treatment studies with children. In L. Maxfield (Chair), New data on EMDR for children. Symposium at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This symposium features reports on two randomized controlled studies. The first study is of EMDR (as part of a multi-component treatment) compared to standard care only for 300 incarcerated teens in several New York state facilities. The second study is of EMDR compared to CBT for 57 children and adolescents who were traumatized by exposure to the Enchedde (Netherlands) fireworks disaster.
Keywords: Children Research Symposium
216. McGuinness, V. (2003). Integrating play therapy and EMDR with children. (Ed. Rev. 02/18/03),[Bloomington, IN] : 1st Books Library.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR with Children is a reference book for clinicians who have been formally trained in both EMDR and Play therapy techniques. Creative and safe methods teach clinicians how to weave experiential play therapy and EMDR together for successful treatment philosophies and actions of play therapy and EMDR are reviewed and integrated so that the inherent polarized energies emerge in a compatible therapeutic balance. This book is not intended to provide training in EMDR, per se, instead, various ideas for using EMDR with children are explored. Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR focuses on the use of traditional child-centered therapy for the post-language child whether they actually use language or not. Because so many children are initially resistant to EMDR this is a very useful tool to facilitate the maximum benefit for the child’s treatment experience.[EMDRResources Abstract]
Keywords: Play Therapy Children
217. McGuinness, V. (2001). Integrating play therapy and EMDR with children. (Online) EMDRResources.com.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR with Children is a reference book for clinicians who have been formally trained in both EMDR and Play therapy techniques. Creative and safe methods teach clinicians how to weave experiential play therapy and EMDR together for successful treatment philosophies and actions of play therapy and EMDR are reviewed and integrated so that the inherent polarized energies emerge in a compatible therapeutic balance. This book is not intended to provide training in EMDR, per se, instead, various ideas for using EMDR with children are explored. Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR focuses on the use of traditional child-centered therapy for the post-language child whether they actually use language or not. Because so many children are initially resistant to EMDR this is a very useful tool to facilitate the maximum benefit for the child’s treatment experience.[EMDRResources Abstract]
Keywords: Play Therapy Children
218. McMahon, E. (2002). EMDR in the treatment of attachment and bonding difficulties. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 31-36). London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. pp. 52.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: A case of a young mother with an insecure attachment history herself who suffered severe post-natal depression after the birth of her first child and who regretted having this baby. Although recovering well from depression when first seen, having benefited from drug therapy and group therapy, there ware nevertheless little progress regarding her bonding with the child. Assessment indicated the emergence of an insecure/ambivalent attachment on the part of the baby resulting in excessive clinginess, sleeping, feeding and management difficulties. Apart from EMDR a number of other models of therapy were used in this case, including mother-infant psychotherapy, solution-focused and narrative therapy. In my own estimation, and in feedback from Susan, EMDR was the most powerful of all interventions. I think this care then represents a very good example of how EMDR is integrated with other therapeutic approaches. In terms of our understanding of this process, one conceptual model (Shapiro, 1995) is that the positive perspective and more adaptive interpretation that traditional therapy provides – including insight and a coherent narrative – is held in a separate neurological network and therefore cannot influence the network containing the dysfunction ally stored material associated with the traumatic memory. Traditional therapy is often unable to help the client link one to the other, and this is where EMDR is so impressively effective.
Keywords: Children Bonding Attachment Occasional Paper
219. Mehigan, T. (2003). Successful EMDR with a sexually abused child. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved December 27, 2008, from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net/.
Language: English
Format: Other
Keywords: Sexual Abuse Children
220. Mehrotra, S. (2008, October). Psychological trauma: Diagnosis and treatment - State of the Art - Using EMDR as a therapeutic intervention for the children of Gujarat, India. Symposium presented at the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China .
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
221. Meignant, I. (Publication Date Unknown). Buddy's E.M.D.R. EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: The Buddy's Extroadinary Momentum for Discovery and Reconciliation is made to help kids from 0 to 99 deal with the abreaction through the story of a traumatized dog.
Keywords: Children
222. Meusers, M. (2005, June). Work with a pupil collective involved in a traffic accident with the help of EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR and children
On Tuesday. November llth 2004 in Gevelsberg, Germany a traffic
accident happened with a truck and a school bus. A number of children
were slightly injured. 17 pupils of a basic school were involved. A part of
them were in need of acute ambulatory medical care in a hospital. In
addition were some siblings, attending higher schools likewise casualties of
the accident. At request of the "Opferschutzbeauftragten" and the school
the Psychiatry for children and youngsters, Herdecke, Germany as hospital
in responsibility at Monday, November 29th were asked to treat this incident
with this 17 pupils of the school. Three co-worker8 of the Kinder- und
Jugendpsychiatrie Herdecke, a policeman, the "Opferschutzbeauftragte"
[commissioner for victim protection], a person from the bus company, the
principal of the school and the 17 pupils were present. The methods were
presented, involving EMDR in the collective. Installation of a safe location.
Treatment of the actual accident event in the group as well as strategies for
stabilisation of the pupils was represented in detail. Especially the persons
present were entered into the legal, organisational and practical topics of
the problem. Later a re-inquiry took place in the families, the result will be
also presented at congress.
On the occasion of this event a concept of proceeding in acute trauma
was developed together with the "Opfenchutzbeauftrogten" of our region
of providing. This will be presented as well, if finished until then, at congress.
Keywords: Symposium Children Traffic Accident
223. Mordağ , O. (2009, June). EMDR’s application in the treatment of PTSD for children. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
224. Morris-Smith, J. (2002). EMDR: Clinical applications with children. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Since Francine Shapiro published her original study on Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) in 1989, more than 20,000 therapists in 55 countries have been taught to use this technique. Over the past decade, the procedure has evolved, making it accessible to a wider range of psychological difficulties. The ACPP recently held a very successful conference examining the context in which EMDR can be applied and the range of psychological disorders that it can help. Contents: Robert H. Tinker. EMDR for traumatised children around the world Ricky Greenwald. EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems Joanne Morris-Smith. EMDR: a case for pre-verbal memory? Eamon McMahon. EMDR in the treatment of attachment and bonding difficulties Guinevere Tufnell. EMDR: working with the legal system Alison Russell & Mike O'Connor. Interventions for recovery: the use of EMDR with children in a community-based project Umran Korkmazler-Oral & Seniz Pamuk. Group EMDR with child survivors of the earthquake in turkey Tony Roberts. Websites relating to psychological trauma: with emphasis on children
Keywords: Children
225. Morris-Smith, J. (2006, March). Helping children and families recover: The role of EMDR therapy in the aftermath of disaster and traumatic events. Paper presented at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Children are often caught up in traumatic situations which are be)cond their control and in which they experience overwhelming helplessness and a sense of abandonment. Their lives become severely disrupted ard may even change completely. Helping children understand their experiences whilst resolving their traumatic memories is fundamental to their future health and adaptation. Parents and carers take the primary role in re-establishing the children's sense of safety in the world. Enabling parents or carers to be a part of the EMDR therapy process and thus to develop insights into the child's understandings through the development of a shared narrative and attunement may also be key to the recovery of the children. This paper aims to look at how this can be achieved during EMDR therapy and will be illustrated by case examples and video clips.
Keywords: Children Families Disaster Trauma
226. Morris-Smith, J. (2006, June). EMDR therapy for processing trauma and grief: Children, adolescents and their families. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Families Grief
227. Morris-Smith, J. (2001, May). EMDR with children exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This Paper aims to discuss some of the issues of working using EMDR, as a part of the integrated treatment process of children, who have been exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. These children are all in the care system and are living with foster parents who know very little about their previous hves. Often the professionals caring for them also have little of the child's history and many details of what they have been exposed to are not known. The children are frequently detached, dissociated and shut down from their past experiences, though their traumatised behaviours continue to blight and dominate their entire lives and present major difficulties in their daily management and future planning. Their emotional and social development appears to be arrested by their chronic multiple traumatisation. They are also kept in transitional placements for long periods of time, whilst their long-term needs are assessed. There is a struggle to identify appropriate long-term placements for such damaged children as their severe multiple traumatisation prevents them from being able to trust or begin to form new attachments or even to develop a sense of safety. There is a nee for early intervention to treat their severely traumatised symptoms and memories, to help rid them of their overwhelming terror and fears of the adult world and to free them to begin to form healthier more appropriate behaviours and attachments. How using EMDR to enable these children to develop and progress emotionally and socially towards a more positive future is described.
Keywords: Children Chronic Abuse, Domestic Violence
228. Morris-Smith, J. (2005, June). Traumatic bereavement and EMDR – Is it an effective treatment method for children?. Paper presented at the 9th European Confernence on Traumatic Stress, Stockholm.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Traumatic Bereavement Childen
229. Morris-Smith, J. (2007, April). EMDR and children: Europe leads the way. Therapy Today, 18(3), 9-12.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: It may come as a surprise to discover that Europe is leading the way in the development of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy for children and adolescents, and in teaching therapists how to adapt the adult protocol1 for the developmental needs of childhood. How has this been achieved.[Author]
Keywords: Children
230. Morris-Smith, J. (2007, June). What can we learn from using EMDR with children on the autistic spectrum?. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Children suffering from Autistic Spectrum Disorders have fundamental impairments in their understanding of social relationships, emotions and understand the perspectives of others. They also have impairment in their communicative abilities. They can be frequently traumatized by their daily living experiences whilst living in a world in which their understandings are impaired. This paper aims to open up the discussion and stimulate research into and about just how far their deficits in understanding their worlds extends and to what extent these might be addressed or ameliorated during EMDR therapy. The paper will consider the cases of 10 ASD children when EMDR was used and its affects. ASD is a spectrum of disorders subsumed under a single diagnostic category. This paper also hopes to shed some light on these and will also offer some directions for parental differential diagnosis of different forms of ASD and whether EMDR therapy might be efficacious for these. Recent research in ASD suggests that the corpus callosum may be affected and also included in this paper, for comparison, are two cases of children who have agenesis of the corpus callosum who also receive EMDR. The paper will be illustrated by the use of video clips.
231. Morris-Smith, J. (2003, May). Restore joy to childhood – Healing our children with EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium: Eating Disorders Children
232. Morris-Smith, J., & Silvestre, M. (2009, June). EMDR with children, adolescents and family relationships in the context of domestic violence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Domestic Violence
233. Morris-Smith, J., & Silvestre, M. (2008, June). Creating successful EMDR for children, adolescents and families. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Joanne Morris-Smith is a Consultant Chartered Psychologist who has been working in Clinical Child Psychology in the NHS for the last 28 years in Britain. She is an EMDR Europe Accredited Child Trainer and also as an EMDR Institute Facilitator. She founded and chairs the EMDR Europe Child Section Committee and the Child Section of EMDR UK & Ireland. Joanne founded and runs a Child Trauma Clinic for Hampshire Primary Care PCT, which has been running since 1995. She also works in private practise specialising in work as an Expert Witness and therapist with traumatised children who have been exposed to physical/emotional/sexual abuse, domestic violence and murder. She is a member of ISTSS. She has presented numerous papers at international conferences on childhood traumatology and EMDR and is the Editor of an Occasional Paper of the Association of Child Psychology and Psychiatry entitled EMDR: Clinical Applications with Children. No.19. January 2002. Michel Silvestre is a Consultant Family Therapist who has been in private practise in France since 1999. He is an accredited EMDR Institute Facilitator, Chair Elect of the EMDR France Association and an EMDR Europe Accredited Child Trainer. He is a graduate of the Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto (California) and a Lecturer at the University of Psychology in Aix-en-Provence and trains and lectures extensively in France, Belgium and also in Quebec, Canada. He is a member of the French, American and European Family Therapy Associations. He is the author of many published articles on Family Therapy and has together with his colleagues, M Christen, C Heim & M Vasselier-Novelli written a book entitled "Vivre sans Violence" (Living without Violence) published in 2005 by Eres Press, Paris
Keywords: Children Adolescents Families
234. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(1), 7-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Discusses the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment of psychopathology in children. Systemic research concerning EMDR is sparse. The use of EMDR in the treatment of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed. Many clinicians who apply EMDR are enthusiastic and report positive results in both children and adults. Empirical research is necessary to evaluate the merits of these claims and to give EMDR a theoretical foundation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Children Commentary Research Needs Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Letter
235. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Holdrinet, I., & Sijsenaar, M. (1998, February). Treating phobic children: Effects of EMDR versus exposure. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 193-198.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This study examined the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and exposure in the treatment of a specific phobia. 26 spider phobic children were treated during 2 treatment phases. During the first phase, which lasted 2.5 hr, children were randomly assigned to either (a) an EMDR group (n = 9), (b) an exposure in vivo group (n = 9), or (c) a computerized exposure (control) group (n = 8). During the 2nd phase, all groups received a 1.5 hr session of exposure in vivo. Therapy outcome measures (i.e., self-reported fear and behavioral avoidance) were obtained before treatment, after Treatment Phase 1, and after Treatment Phase 2. Results showed that the 2.5 hr exposure in vivo sesson produced significant improvement on all outcome measures. In contrast, EMDR yielded a significant improvement on only self-reported spider fear. Computerized exposure produced nonsignficant improvement. Furthermore, no evidence was found to suggest that EMDR potentiates the efficacy of a subsequent exposure in vivo treatment. Exposure in vivo remains the treatment of choice for childhood spider phobia. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Children Phobia Treatment Effectiveness Empirical Study
236. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., van Haaften, H., & Mayer, B. (1997, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo: A single-session crossover study of spider-phobic children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171(1), 82-86.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapeutic technique that has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints. METHOD: We compared the efficacy of EMDR with that of exposure in vivo in the treatment of a specific phobia. Twenty-two spider-phobic children who met the DSM-III-R criteria for specific phobia participated in the study. Children were treated with one session of exposure in vivo and one session of EMDR in a crossover design. Treatment outcome was evaluated by self-report measures, a behavioural avoidance test and a physiological index (skin conductance level). RESULTS: Results showed positive effects of EMDR, but also suggest that it is especially self-report measures that are sensitive to EMDR. Improvement on a behavioural measure was less pronounced, and exposure in vivo was found to be superior in reducing avoidance behaviour. With regard to skin conductance level, EMDR and exposure in vivo did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: EMDR has no additional value in treatment of this type of animal phobia, for which exposure in vivo is the treatment of choice.
Keywords: Spider Phobia Exposure Therapy Phobias Empirical Study
237. Musaeus-Schurmann, B. (2005, June). Therapeutical difficulties in the trauma therapy of a three year old boy bitten by a dog. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR and children
Type I traumata in children are often quick and rewarding therapies. But
sometimes even in uncomplicated cases there is only limited progress in
therapy. Exemplary with the case vignette of a three year old boy, bitten by a dog
and treated with EMDR, the problems of this case will be discussed and
possible solutions are delivered with the focus on systemic therapeutical
work and EMDR.
Keywords: Symposium Children Dog Bite
238. Nakano, M., & Toguchi, Y. (1999). Trials of EMDR to hospitalized anorectic children. Kokoro no Rinsho Arakaruto, 18(1), 63-67.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
239. National Institute for Clinical Excellence & Vison, J. (2005, Marzo). Trastorno de estres postraumatico (TEPT), Gestion del TEPT en ninos y adultos en atencion primaria y secundaria - [Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD): Management of PSTD in children and adults in primary and secondary care]. National Institute for Clinical Excellence, Asociacion EMDR Espana.
Language: Spanish
Format: Publication
Keywords: Children Adults Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Guidelines Trastorno de Estres Postraumatico TEPT
240. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). (2005, March). Post-traumatic stress (PTSD): The management of PTSD in adults and children and secondary care. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract: All people with PTSD should be offered a course of trauma-focused psychological treatment (trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT] or eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing [EMDR]). These treatments should normally be provided on an individual outpatient basis.
Keywords: PTSD Treatment Guidelines
241. Nofal, S. (2008). Fobias infantiles [Childhood phobias]. In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Series Eds.), Terapias de avanzada - [Advanced therapies]: Vol. 1, Técnicas de Integración Cerebral, Técnicas Basadas en la Energía, Fundamentos Teóricos, Trastornos de Ansiedad - [Brain integration techniques, Energy-based techniques, Fundamental theories, Anxiety disorders] (1st ed.) (pp. 289-310) Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
242. Nofal, S. (2008, 2009). Protocolo de EMDR, para niños y adolescentes aplicado a traumas y fobias dentales. Dos casos clínicos. Parte 2 – [Protocol of EMDR for children and adolescents applied to dental traumas and phobias, Two cases. Part 2] . In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Eds.), Terapias de avanzada - [Advanced therapies] : Vol. 5, Abordajes en EMDR : Trauma y disociacion – Ninos y adolescentes – Fertilidad, inferitilidad, y esterilidad - Psicoprofilaxis, quiruigica, adicciones - [Approaches in EMDR: Trauma and dissociation – Children and adolescents – Fertility, infertility, and sterility – Psychoprofilaxis, Surgery, Addictions] (1st ed) (pp. 269-288) Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Phobias Trauma Dentistry
243. O'Connor, M. (2003, March). Intervening early: The use of EMDR with children and families affected by trauma. Paper presented at the 1st annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: In recent years, parents, teachers, and other professionals have specifically requested help from Educational Psychologists in supporting children affected by trauma. Educational Psychologists are ideally placed to intervene quickly and effectively to provide appropriate and timely treatment for individual children and families. Children referred include those with specific fears, enuresis, tantrums, and school refusal. Case material illustrating the use of EMDR with infants, young children, and adolescents will be presented.
Keywords: Early Interventions Children
244. O'Malley, A. (2007, June). Using EMDR in unresolved neonatal trauma in a 13 year old and in a 7 year old whose father killer their mother. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: I am presenting the case of a 13-year-old boy who was referred because of uncontrolled rage evident in his relationship with peers in one incident he had a fellow pupil’s head under water until he was gasping for air.. He had shown little remorse towards the boy and described the incident as funny. The family had experienced a series of traumatic events. They were forced to evacuate their home when criminal gangs attempted to burn them out; his was to use the house for drug-related activity. Gang members had assaulted my patient and his mother in the street after going to the police. After meeting with the parents and broth and older sister, I had identified that on top of this recent trauma L had extreme hostility towards his mother who he described as “that woman.” My initial EMDR sessions were with L and his father. During processing of the trauma, my video will show bizarre movement including rolling his head back, hypotonic posture and behavior similar to an infant. This can be understood in relation to L’s early development. He was born at 33 weeks gestation and spends his first 6 weeks in a special care baby unit (CBU) in an incubator. My presentation will discuss the neurological consequences of early trauma and how a narrative approach using EMDR can help in recovery. This approach is based on the work of Dr. Joan Lovett. She is a California-based pediatrician who has developed a protocol fro working with children who have experienced significant trauma following premature birth.
My second case is J, a 7-year-old boy who witnessed his father murder his mother approx 1 year ago. He was then held hostage by his father for 6 hours with the body of his mother lying in a pool of blood in the kitchen while the police negotiated with J’s father for his release. My first involvement with H was an in depth assessment of his emotional attachment and placement needs for the court. During this process, he developed frequent infantile rages and I advised the system of care around J on their management. At one stage, he had recurrent dreams about joining his mother in heaven and he was discovered attempting to strangle himself. I will discuss how I used the safe place protocol to alleviate his distress. I am now using EMDR directly with J. I use a variety of bilateral alternating stimuli. These include drumming, musical symbols, and a xylophone. I am able to get J to draw sequentially with each new drawing generated by J performing the “Butterfly hug.” I was inspired to use this technique after I attended a wonderful workshop facilitated by Michel Silvestre entitled “integrating family therapy and EMDR.” I hope to discuss in this presentation how EMDR can be combined with other therapeutic approached in a case of extreme trauma experienced by a 6-year-old boy who is now effectively orphaned as his father is in prison probably for the rest of his natural life. I will also allude to some of the techniques discussed by Dr. Atle Dyregrov at the 5th annual UK and Ireland conference in London in March last year. He presented in depth therapeutic work with a girl who suffered the trauma of her mother’s suicide. I will discuss some of the challenges presented by traumatic grief and how the EMDR protocol can be adapted for use in children.
Keywords: Children
245. Okawara, M. (1999). The therapeutic framework in EMDR for child maladjustment. Kokoro no Rinsho Arakaruto, 18(1), 37-41.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Maladjustment
246. Oras, R. (2001, May). "When the trauma fades" - Treatment of traumatised refuge children with EMDR. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Two case studies from a pilot study concerning treatment of traumatised refugee children suffering from PTSD will be presented. The pilot study includes 13 children aged 7-17, from different countries. Along with the treatment of the children we have seen the parents. The aim of the study was to estimate if the applied methods: polahing, drawing, etc. combined with EMDR, will lead to improvement of the PTSD symptoms. Before and after treatment the children were examined and diagnosed according to DSM-N regarding PTSD symptoms. Changes of PTSD symptoms or other child psychiatric symptoms, the family situation or other relevant facts were checked continuously through interviews with the parents.
Keywords: Children Trauma Refuges Case Study
247. Oras, R., de Ezpeleta, S. C., & Ahmad, A. (2004, June). Treatment of traumatized refugee children with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in a psychodynamic context. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58(3), 199-203.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This study examines the effects of a psychodynamic approach of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treatment of traumatized refugee children. Among a child psychiatric outpatient refugee team, 13 children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), were treated by EMDR incorporated in a traditional psychodynamic therapeutic approach. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were administered before and after the treatment, to measure the effects. After treatment, a significant improvement was noticed in the functioning level and all PTSS-C scales, mostly in re-experiencing and least in the avoidance symptoms. The improvement in the functioning level was significantly correlated with the reduction of the PTSD-non-related and the depression, but not with that of the PTSD-related symptoms. Used in a psychodynamic context, EMDR is suggested to be effective treatment for traumatized refugee children. Our findings support the hypothesis of child-specific criteria for PTSD.
Keywords: PTSD Refugees School Age Children Adolescents Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Depressive Disorders Comorbidity Trauma Children Empirical Study Quantitative Study
248. Osborn, C. (1997, December 14). Counselors use eye therapy to help kids with trauma. Austin, TX: Austin American-Statesman Starr, B1, B7.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: The technique used on Glenn is called eye movement reprocessing, or EMDR. Created in 1989 by a California psychologist, it involves counselors inducing rapid eye movement to help their clients work through traumas.
Keywords: Children Trauma Austin
249. Outlaw III, L. (2006, October 3). Children need to hear they're safe. Chambersburg, PA: Public Opinion, Local.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: "EMDR has been very helpful for rape victims, flood victims and others exposed to violence," Leaman said. "A lot of times, children affected by violence need (to undergo) a desensitizing process."
Keywords: Children Chambersburg, PA
250. O’Shea, K., & Wilensky, M. (2006, June). Rebuilding the foundation: Repairing very early (0 – 3 years) trauma. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
251. Parnell, L. (1999). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. New York: W. W. Norton. xiv, 222 pp..
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This book offers practical information about the use of EMDR in a typical clinical setting and presents innovations that build upon the information in Shapiro's 1995 book. It not only teaches many practical techniques that help the therapist when a therapeutic impasse is reached but also provides a selection of treatment choices. Case material is used throughout the book to illustrate the techniques described and to provide the therapist with a deeper, more grounded understanding of different kinds of abuse cases. Included are suggestions I have used with my clients and collected from other sources over the last 8 years. [Text, pp. x-xi] [Pilots]
Keywords: Adults Survivors Child Abuse PTSD Incest Rape Psychotherapeutic Processes
252. Parnell, L. A. (2003, September). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Preconference workshop presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR therapists need specific and advanced understanding of the EMDR method as well as additional skills to complete treatment successfully. In this workshop the overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined but specific areas are focused on in more detail. These areas include: 1) the development and installation of resources; 2) strategic target development including the bridging technqiue; 3) modification of the standard EMDR procedural steps, 4) techniques for unblocking blocked processing including advanced interweave strategies; and 5) technqiues for closing incomplete sessions.
Keywords: Sexual Abuse Adults Children Incomplete Sessions Bridging Technique Resource Development Interweave Strategies
253. Parnell, L. A. (2003). EMDR - Therapie mit erwachsenen: Kindheitstrauma überwinden - [EMDR in the treatment of adults abused As children]. Stuttgart: Pfeiffer bei Klett-Cotta.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract: Das in der Psychotraumatologie erfolgreich angewandte Verfahren des EMDR wird hier speziell für Erwachsene weiterentwickelt und modifiziert, die als Kinder Traumatisierungen - etwa durch Mißbrauch oder Gewalt - ausgesetzt waren. Die Technik des EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist als eine hervorragende Behandlungsmethode für traumatisierte Menschen inzwischen allgemein anerkannt. Macht sich - etwa nach einem Unfall oder einer Gewalteinwirkung - eine »Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung « bemerkbar, ist bei den Betroffenen eine dysfunktionale Informationsspeicherung im Gehirn festzustellen, die zu einer ständigen Wiederholung des Traumas ohne Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten führt. Dieser Kreislauf kann mit den Übungen des EMDR unterbrochen werden, besser angepaßte Muster können sich wieder herausbilden. Das Buch von Laurel Parnell bietet eine höchst sinnvolle Ergänzung zum EMDR-Standardvorgehen nach Francine Shapiro: Die Übungen des EMDR werden so abgewandelt und weiterentwickelt, daß sie speziell bei der Gruppe erwachsener PatientInnen, die als Kinder traumatisiert wurden, greifen. Zentrale Themen sind hier: Zugang zur - oft völlig verdrängten oder abgespaltenen - Vergangenheit finden, aus der Opfer-Rolle heraustreten können, entwicklungsorientierte Ressourcen entdecken. In Amerika ist das Buch ein Standardwerk der Psychotraumatologie, und auch im deutschsprachigen Raum, wo die Autorin regelmäßig Kurse und Fortbildungen veranstaltet, wird die Effizienz des Verfahrens immer mehr gewürdigt.
Keywords: Augenbewegungs-Desensibilisierung
254. Parnell, L. A. (2002, June). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR therapists need specific and advanced understanding of the EMDR method, as well as additional skills, to complete treatment successfully. In this workshop the overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined, but specific areas are focused on in more detail. These areas include 1) the development and installation of resources; 2) strategic target development, including the bridging technique; 3) modifications of thc standard EMDR procedural steps; 4) techniques for unblocking blocked processing including advanced interweave strategies; and 5) techniques for closing incomplete sessions.
Keywords: Sexual Abuse Adults Children Incomplete Sessions Bridging Resource Installation Blocked Processing
255. Parnell, L. A. (2003, May). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adults
256. Parnell, L. A. (1996, June). Beyond the cognitive interweave: Inner child work and EMDR with adults who suffered as children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Inner child Adults Children
257. Parnell. L. A. (1999, June). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will: 1) be able to describe the three phases of treatment; 2) be able to use at least three ego strengthening methods using EMDR, including identification, development, and installation of inner and outer resources important for preparing clients for EMDR processing, such as: safe place, positive internal resource images, such as the inner advisor child-self – adult-self assessment and development, nurturer and protector figures, spiritual resources, positive memories, images from nature, and others; 3) learn tips for successful target development; 4) learn how to develop and use special targets for EMDR processing such as: visual memories, including flashbacks; dreams; artwork; emotions, physical sensations, and body memories; TV shows and movies; and negative cognitions; 5) learn helpful modifications to the standard EMDR procedural steps; 6) learn at least two interventions to help clients who experience problems during EMDR processing with, such as dissociation, numbness, sleepiness, lack of channel activation and integration, and memory chaining; 7) learn at least two suggestions for working with client transference; 8) learn at least five techniques for working with blocked processing and abreactions; 9) learn how to use a selection of imaginal and cognitive interweaves; and 10) learn at least three techniques for closing incomplete sessions.
Keywords: Adults Abuse Trasnference Blocked Processing Abreaction Cogntive Interweave Imaginal Interweave Closing Incomplete Session Target Development Ego Strengthening
258. Pellicer, X. (1993). Eye movement desensitization treatment of a child's nightmares: A case report. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 24(1), 73-75.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: A new therapeutic method (eye movement desensitization), described in 1989 by Shapiro, was applied to the treatment of recurrent nightmares in a 10-year-old girl. The technique, in a single session, resulted in the complete remission of the nightmares. There was no relapse during a 6 month follow-up. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Case Report Females Nightmare Disorder School Age Children Spaniards Treatment Effectiveness
259. Perry, B. D. (2002, June). Clinical work with maltreated and traumatized children: Evolving innovations in treatment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Building upon the concepts and pricipals outline in the Keynote, clinical implications for the neurodevelopmental understanding of childhood trauma will be presented. Specific assessment processes, treatment planning activities and intervention strategies will be discussed. The use of EMDR and music and movement treatments with traumaitized and maltreated children will be presented.
260. Pessina, C (2007, June). The use and adaptation of EMDR technique with sexually abused children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Thanks to a European Equal project the sexually abused children who came to our Center for therapy have been treated with EMDR. We will illustrate, through the use of clinical examples, the main therapeutic issues, the difficulties and strategies in order to exceed them. In particular, we will address the following topics: the use of "menus,” the use of positive installations, how to identify targets, how to exceed the use of psychological defenses, mainly dissociative, etc. We will hen highlight the advantages of using EMDR with those children.
Keywords: Children Sexual Abuse
261. Plassmann, R. (2007). Die kunst des lassens: Psychotherapie mit EMDR fur erwachsene und kinder - [The art of giving. EMDR for adults and children]. Reihe: edition psychosozial, Giessen: Psychosozial-Verlag.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract: Das Buch beschreibt auf sehr lebendige Weise, mit vielen Fallbeispielen, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt haben und uns Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben, die vorher nicht bestanden. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht.Wie fördert man seelische Heilungs- und Wachstumsprozesse? Vor dieser Herausforderung steht die wissenschaftliche Psychotherapie seit nunmehr 100 Jahren. Entscheidende Fortschritte sind in den letzten Jahren durch die neuen Methoden der modernen Traumatherapie möglich geworden. Gleichzeitig hat uns die moderne Hirnforschung Einblick gegeben, wie das Gehirn emotionale Belastungen verarbeitet. Die EMDR-Technik (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) konzentriert sich der Patient auf ein belastendes Erlebnis während seine Augen gleichzeitig den Handbewegungen des Therapeuten folgen, wodurch eine entlastende Wirkung eintritt. Das Buch beschreibt mit vielen Fallbeispielen auf sehr lebendige Weise, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt und uns neue Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht, bei Essstörungen, Borderlinestörungen, Traumafolgestörungen und bei allen durch emotionale Überlastung entstandenen Erkrankungen.
262. Puffer, M. K. (1995, May). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with children and adolescents experiencing traumatic memories. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9608112.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: This research project evaluated the effectiveness of using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) techniques on children and adolescents (N = 20) between the ages of 7 to 18, who were experiencing anxiety due to traumatic memories. EMDR therapeutic techniques were administered in one 90-minute therapy session to subjects in an experimental group (N = 10) and after a 30-day waiting period, EMDR was administered to subjects in a delayed treatment group (N = 10) to help substantiate the effectiveness of using EMDR with this population. The results of the study indicated a highly significant reduction in anxiety related to traumatic memories in both an experimental group and a delayed treatment group, as measured by the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS), the Impact of Events (IES) scale, and in the delayed treatment group using the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) after treatment. There was a lack of significance in the reduction of anxiety in the experimental group, as measured by the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS). The results showed a significant difference in cognition, changing from negative to positive thinking, as measured by the Validity of Cognition (VoC) scale. The findings demonstrate that EMDR may help to measure, treat, and enhance the lives of children and adolescents experiencing anxiety from traumatic memories. It is recommended that future research focus on using standardized psychological tests to support the efficacy of using EMDR with children and adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(11-B), May 1996, pp. 6421.
Keywords: Trauma Children Adolescents Empirical Study
263. Puffer, M., & Greenwald, R. (1996, June). A treatment outcome study of EMDR with traumatized children: Preliminary results. Paper presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
264. Puffer, M., Greenwald, R., & Elrod, D. (1998). A single session EMDR study with twenty traumatized children and adolescents. Traumatology, 3(2), Article 6.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Twenty children and adolescents were treated for a single traumatic memory with a single session of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Treatment was delayed 1 m for half the group. Over half of the 20 participants moved from Clinical to Normal levels on the Impact of Events Scale, and all but 3 showed at least partial symptom relief on several measures at 1-3 m following a single EMDR session. Results should be interpreted with caution, but were positive, and essentially consistent with analogous findings of EMDR with adults.
Keywords: Single Session Children Adolescents Trauma Non-Randomized Study
265. Reyes, M. A. (1999, October). The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) program: intervention for children with posttraumatic stress disorder. Miami Institute of Psychology of the Caribbean Center for Advanced Studies. AAT 9925128.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: This dissertation examines research pertaining to the diagnosis and characteristics of childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), natural disasters, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) theory and technique in children. In addition, the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to childhood PTSD is reviewed. The purpose of this study is to develop a program within a school setting suitable for children diagnosed with PTSD as a result of having witnessed, confronted, or experienced a natural disaster. The program is referred to as the EMDR Program or the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Program. An attempt was made to be like no other programs related to children and natural disasters researched. The program's goal is to design a program that investigates the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to children who have developed PTSD as a result of being exposed to a hurricane, tornado, flood, earthquake, or fire. The objectives of this program include creating a safe environment in order to help children reprocess their traumatic experiences within a short period of time utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations as suggested by Shapiro (1995) and Greenwald (1997). The philosophy of this program is based on an Accelerated Information Processing Model. The EMDR program established an admission criteria and a means of monitoring the progress of each child. An evaluation and budget were also proposed as a guide, were this design be implemented. Overall, it was believed that by utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations, the EMDR program would help children overcome their PTSD symptoms related to their traumatic experiences involving natural disasters within a short period of time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1869.
Keywords: Children PTSD Natural Disasters Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
266. Ribchester, T. (2001, May). Evaluation of the efficacy of EMDR as a treatment for PTS symptomatology in Children. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This Paper aims to describe on-going research on the evaluation of efficacy of EMDR as a treatment for post traumatic stress symptomatology in children who have been in road traffic accidents. Various ~ognitivem easures were used to see which of them differentiated children who had been in road trafic accidents and developed post-traumatic stress symptomatology from those who had been in road traffic accidents and did not. Those who developed post traumatic stress symptomatology and agreed to take part in the study were then treated with EMDR. h e and post-treatment measures of cognitive variables previously assessed were compared. Of the 12 who agreed to participate 11 were found to be free of post traumatic stress symptomatology following treatment that varied in length from 2-5 sessions.
Keywords: Children Traffic Accidents Motor Vehicle Accidents
267. Rivlin, E. (2009, March). The utility of psychometric assessment and monitoring within the Context of EMDR with refugee and asylum seeking Children/Adolescents. Symposium at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Accurate neuropsychological/psychological assessment and monitoring are crucial to complex cases of refugee and asylum seeking children and adolescents. These are examined in the context of relevant case vignettes. The limitations and relevance of accurate and therapeutic assessment and monitoring are examined and the utility of psychological instruments. Language and timing of interventions are also considered. The use of a multimodal approach sensitive to individual and intellectual differences and relevance of EMDR is discussed.
Keywords: Psychometric Assessment Refuges Asylum Symposium
268. Robbins, J. (2000, December). Brief trauma treatment of a toddler using EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 25-27.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: This paper presents a single-case test of Greenwald’s trauma treatment model for very young children. The model worked as predicted. Full treatment of a 2-1/2-year-old boy with post traumatic stress disorder (provisional) was conducted in three session, including two sessions with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Two-week and six-month telephone follow-up indicated complete and maintained symptom relief.
Keywords: Children
269. Roberts, T. (2002). Websites relating to psychological trauma: With emphasis on children. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR : Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 51-52) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. pp. 52.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Since Francine Shapiro published her original study on Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) in 1989, more than 20,000 therapists in 55 countries have been taught to use this technique. Over the past decade, the procedure has evolved, making it accessible to a wider range of psychological difficulties. The ACPP recently held a very successful conference examining the context in which EMDR can be applied and the range of psychological disorders that it can help.
Keywords: Children Occasional Paper Websites Trauma
270. Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A, Meijer, A. M., & Jongeneel, R. (2009, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in an adolescent with epilepsy and mild intellectual disability. Epilepsy & Behavior, 16(1), 175-180 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Intellectual disability is a comorbid condition in epilepsy. People with epilepsy and intellectual disability are at high risk of developing behavioral problems. Among the many contributors to behavioral problems in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability are those of traumatic experiences. As such, behavioral problems can be seen as a reflection of these traumatic experiences. Among established trauma therapies, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an emerging treatment that is effective in adults and also seems to be effective in children. This article is a case report of EMDR in an adolescent with epilepsy and mild intellectual disability, in whom the EMDR children’s protocol was used. The aim was to assess whether clinical trauma status significantly diminished to nonclinical status posttreatment. Change in trauma symptoms was evaluated with the Reliable Change Index (RCI). Results showed a significant decrease in trauma symptoms toward nonclinical status from pretreatment to posttreatment. EMDR consequences for epilepsy and intellectual disability are discussed.[Elsevier 2009]
Keywords: Case Report Epilepsy Intellectual Disability Trauma Symptoms Children Reliable Change Index
271. Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., de Roos, C., Meijer, A. M., & Stams, G. J. (2009, November). Efficacy of EMDR in children: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(70), 599-606.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.008
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Meta-Analysis Children Incremental Efficacy
272. Rost, C., & Eckers, D. (2009, June). CIPOS: A bridge between stabilizstion and trauma confrontation withsimple and complex traums in adults and children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adults Children Simple Trauma Complex Trauma CIPOS
273. Rubin, A. & Springer, D. W. (2009). Treatment of traumatized adults and children: Clinician's guide to evidence-based practice. (Eds.) Hoboken: New Jersey .
Language: English
Format: Book
274. Rubin, A., & Bischofshausen, S. (1997, July). Symposium on EMDR research with children and adolescents - EMDR outcomes in a child guidance center: Preliminary findings. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Adolescents
275. Rupp, S. N. (1999, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(1), 7-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Children Commentary Research Needs Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Letter
276. Russell, A., & O'Connor, M. (2002). Interventions for recovery: The use of EMDR with children in a community-based project. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional Paper No. 19 (pp. 43-45) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. pp. 52.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: The impact of psychological trauma on the mental health of children is now well documented. There is a growing body of clinical evidence indicating tat EMDR is an effective treatment for a variety of childhood complaints. The authors’ experience of using EMDR with children in the aftermath of a major disaster confirmed its effectiveness and highlighted its applicability to everyday “small trauma.” Drawing on past experience, they have set up a community-based project to provide a range of services for children who have experienced trauma and to investigate the use of EMDR for the enhancement of self-esteem.
Keywords: Children Occasional Paper Community-Based Project
277. Russell, A., Pennicard, I., Allison, B., & Grandison, P. (2003, March). The use of EMDR with children families affected by trauma. Workshop presented at the 1st annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
278. Sabey, A. (2008, October). EMDR & children. Paper presented at the 1st EMDR Autumn Workshop, York, United Kingdom.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The use of EMDR with children and adolescents, in a CAMHS setting. Using case studies to demonstrate how EMDR is integrated within a child/person centred approach.
Keywords: Children
279. Sabey, A. (2008, October 17). EMDR & children. Paper presented at the First EMDR Autumn Workshop, York Stress & Trauma Centre, EMDR Europe, York, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The use of EMDR with children and adolescents, in a CAMHS setting. Using case studies to demonstrate how EMDR is integrated within a child/person centered approach.
Keywords: CAMHS Setting Children
280. Sabey, A. (2001, May). Can EMDR be used within a client-centred (non-directive) play therapy sessions?. Poster presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: WORKING WITH CHILDREN POSTER PRESENTATION: The purpose of this exploratory study was to see whether EMDR could he incorporated into a Client-Centred model of Play Therapy, to enable children and adolescents to more rapidly process traumatic memories, thereby enhancing the therapeutic process. The Client-Centred (non-directive) Play Therapy model is now well recognised as a way of helping children and adolescents who have experienced psychological trauma to work through their experiences in a way that is both empowering and non-threatening. It is based on Rogerian principles (Rogers 1951), with the philosophy that given the right therapeutic conditions the children, like adults, have an innate drive towards health. The child leads the way, and the therapist follows. I have struggled to see how EMDR can fit comfortably within a client-centered play therapy model, although I recognise that Shapiro describes the model as client-centred. To test a hypothesis that EMDR could be integrated into a client-centred play therapy approach, three children were identified. All 3 were waiting for some regular weekly client-centred play therapy sessions, within the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, in West Yorkshire. The subject of the study were two girls, one aged 8 years old and the other aged 14 years with a mild learning disability, and a boy who was 13 years old. All three had experienced complex psychological trauma including sexual abuse. My dilemma was whether it was in fact possible to introduce EMDR within the sessions, and if so, how to do this in a way that enhanced the therapeutic process and did not intrude. The sessions were set up introducing the EMDR protocol alongside setting up the client-centred play therapy sessions. Each child was offered 10-12 weekly sessions. In this presentation I will summarise my findings and hope to show how possible ways the two approaches can be integrated.
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
281. Sacchi, D., & Poijula, S. (2003, June). EMDR with children and adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium: Children Adolescents
282. Sakio, E. (1998). Applying EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) with children suffering from long term physical illness. Paper presented at the Cybernetics and Systems Conference, Vienna, Austria, 14(1), 408-411.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Physical Illness
283. Samec, J. R., & Ekström, B.-M. M. (2006, April). Korttids gruppterapi anpassad att möta utvecklingsspecifika behov hos traumatiserade flyktingungdomar - [Short term group therapy for traumatized refugee children]. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Psykoterapi, 23(1), 73-88.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: Traumatized refugee and immigrant adolescents have specific developmental needs. To meet those developmental needs in treatment, methods to modify the short term group therapy for traumatized refugee children as described by Angel-Poblete (1995) are presented. The methods are exercises that stimulate the five senses, interventions to deal with acting out, and a relaxation exercise developed from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - all of which are practiced within the framework of close cooperation with parents and school personnel. This presentation is based on the work with thirteen groups of participants (N = 98) of both sexes and from different countries, 16-20 years old (median age of 17 years old). The theoretical basis, planning, execution, and results are described. Evaluations with the participants and school personnel, as well as the reactions of the parents, indicate positive therapeutic results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescent Development Group Psychotherapy Immigration Refugees Trauma Childhood Development Empirical Study Quantitative Study
284. Schaal, S. (2007, February). Erkrankungen des Traumaspektrums bei ruandischen Waisen des Genozids - Epidemiologie und Behandlung . Dissertation Universität Konstanz Fachbereich Psychologie. --.
Language: German
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Trauma Children Orphans Adolescents
285. Schlattmann, N. (2006). EMDR en de allerkleinsten: Een gevalsbeschrijving - [EMDR and the very young: A case study]. Kinder & Jeugdpsychotherapie, jaargang 33 (3).
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: Voor de behandeling van de posttraumatische stress stoornis (PTSS) bestaan er twee behandelmethoden waarvan de werkzaamheid voldoende is aangetoond: gedragstherapie (imaginaire exposure) en Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (de Jongh en ten Broeke, 2003). EMDR is in Amerika door Shapiro ontdekt en ontwikkeld. In de 90’er jaren is deze behandelmethode in Nederland geïntroduceerd. Oorspronkelijk is het een vorm van psychotherapie voor volwassenen. In Amerika zijn onder anderen Lovett, Tinker en Wilson begonnen om EMDR ook bij kinderen toe te passen. Het eerste onderzoek naar de behandeling van kinderen met EMDR is in 1996 gepubliceerd door Chemtob (Lovett, 1999). Inmiddels zijn er in Nederland verschillende artikelen geschreven over de toepassing van EMDR bij kinderen (de Roos en Beer, 2003; Beer en de Roos, 2004). EMDR kan goed bij schoolgaande kinderen gebruikt worden. Er wordt dan gewerkt met het kinderprotocol. Adolescenten, pubers en lagere schoolkinderen worden nu vaak met EMDR behandeld als er sprake is van PTSS. De toepassing bij peuters is minder bekend. Hoe jonger het kind des te sneller therapeuten geneigd zijn om niet met het kind zelf te werken. Dikwijls wordt dan volstaan met ouderbegeleiding. Ouders krijgen adviezen hoe zij hun kind kunnen helpen bij de verwerking van het trauma. Naast de ouderbegeleiding krijgt het kind zelf vaak helemaal geen behandeling, terwijl behandeling van het kind wel datgene is waar ouders om vragen. Het kind behandelen werkt directer en waarschijnlijk ook efficiënter en effectiever.
Keywords: Children Case Study
286. Schnaith, A. B. (2008, 2009). Inicio del tratamiento con EMDR en niños y ddolescentes – [Initiation of treatment with EMDR in children and adolescents]. In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Eds.), Terapias de avanzada - [Advanced therapies] : Vol. 5, Abordajes en EMDR : Trauma y disociacion – Ninos y adolescentes – Fertilidad, inferitilidad, y esterilidad - Psicoprofilaxis, quiruigica, adicciones - [Approaches in EMDR: Trauma and dissociation – Children and adolescents – Fertility, infertility, and sterility – Psychoprofilaxis, Surgery, Addictions] (1st ed) (pp. 167-196) Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Adoelscents
287. Schubbe, O. (2000). EMDR in der therapie mit psychisch traumatisierten jugendlichen - [EMDR in the treatment of the mentally traumatized young people]. Institut für Traumatherapie [19 pages].
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract: Der erste Teil des Beitrags fasst den Stand der Forschung zu EMDR zusammen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt ein paar allgemeine Aspekte der Traumatherapie mit Jugendlichen und der dritte die Anwendung von EMDR bei Jugendlichen in Verbindung mit einer manualisierten Vorgehensweise nach Dr. Ricky Greenwald. EMDR ist keine neue Therapierichtung, sondern ein schulenergänzendes Zusatzverfahren; und so ist die hier vorgestellte Möglichkeit, EMDR bei Jugendlichen anzuwenden, nur eine von vielen, die sich allerdings bewährt hat.
Der steile Weg von EMDR zur wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung war von Anfang an von großer Begeisterung und heftigen wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen begleitet. Shapiros erste Berichte (1989a, 1989b) mit Darstellungen der Vorgehensschritte beschrieben bedeutsame Besserungen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) nach einer einzigen Sitzung "Eye Movement Desensitization" (EMD). Auf dem Hintergrund, dass PTBS bis dahin als schwer behandelbar und die Behandlungsmethoden als langwierig, anstrengend und begrenzt wirksam galten (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), stieß EMDR zunächst auf skeptische Zurückhaltung. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es nur noch eine weitere Wirksamkeitsstudie zur Therapie von PTBS, in der Peniston (1986) 45 Sitzungen Entspannung und Systematische Desensibilisierung plus Biofeedback mit einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Therapie verglichen und nur bei einzelnen Symptomen [Albträume, Muskelanspannung, Angst] von PTBS einen signifikanten Rückgang festgestellt hatte. Im Jahr der ersten Untersuchung von Francine Shapiro wurden noch drei weitere Untersuchungen zur Behandlung von PTBS veröffentlicht, von denen keine auch nur annähernd vergleichbare Behandlungserfolge berichten konnte.
288. Schubbe, O. (2008, September). EMDR in the work with children [EMDR bei Kindern]. Paper presented the European Congress of Hypnosis, Vienna, Austria .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The workshop will give a brief systematic overview over the EMDR techniques specifically used in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Age appropriate forms of bilateral stimulation and of the actualization of ressources and unresolved memories will be explained. Small group exercises are intended to give participants a practical learning experience. Applicants for the EMDR seminars with Oliver Schubbe at Linz or Graz can use this workshop as a taster course. Participants should be willing to play the role of a child or adolescent client within a small group.
Keywords: Children
289. Schubbe, O. (1997). EMDR in der therapie psychisch traumatisierter kinder, Institut fur Traumatherapie - Oliver Schubbe EMDR in der Therapie psychisch traumatisierter Kinder - [EMDR in the treatment of psychologically traumatized children]. In C.T. Eschenröder (Hg.), EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen. DGVT-Verlag, Tübingen 1997.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract: Erschienen in C.T. Eschenröder (Hg.): EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen. DGVT-Verlag, Tübingen 1997. ISBN 3-87159-138-6.
290. Schubbe, O. (2008, September). EMDR and children: EMDR in work with children. Pre-congress on EMDR at the European congress of hypnosis 2008 in Vienna.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract: The workshop will give a brief systematic overview over the EMDR techniques specifically used in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Age appropriate forms of bilateral stimulation and of the actualization of ressources and unresolved memories will be explained. Small group exercises are intended to give participants a practical learning experience. Applicants for the EMDR seminars with Oliver Schubbe at Linz or Graz can use this workshop as a taster course. Participants should be willing to play the role of a child or adolescent client within a small group.[Author abstract]
Keywords: Children Adolescents
291. Seidel, M. (2008, September 14/15). EMDR mit kindern, Jugendlichen und erwachsenen - [EMDR with children, young people and adults]. Psychotherapeutishches Zentrum Kitzberg-Klinik Bad Mergentheim.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract: Inpatient therapy with parents and children allows shared traumatic Belastungsmaterial zu bearbeiten und so Eltern wie Kindern eine heilende Erfahrung Process to obtain incriminating evidence and so parents and children a healing experience zu vermitteln. to convey. Vielleicht können Sie sich an das Video mit dem kleinen blonden Perhaps you can contact the video with the little blonde Mädchen und ihrer Mutter erinnern, was ich an einer der letzten Herbsttagungen Girl and her mother remember what I at one of the last autumn meetings gezeigt habe. have shown. Hier wurde mit beiden ein Geburtstrauma bearbeitet. Here was processed with both a birth trauma. Die Mutter litt The mother suffered Todesängste, gespeist durch die eigene traumatische Geburt. Scared to death, fed by its own traumatic birth. Ihre Erstgeborene Their firstborn wurde unter sehr gewaltvollen Umständen zur Welt gebracht. was brought under very violent circumstances, to the world. Nach ausreichender After sufficient Stabilisierung konnte mit beiden an dem Trauma gearbeitet werden. Stabilization could be achieved both in the trauma. Der Vorteil des The advantage of the kombinierten Settings ist, dass gleichzeitig mit dem Heilen des Kindstraumas auch combined settings is that in parallel with the healing of trauma, including child die Mutter Teile des eigenen Traumas bearbeiten kann, ebenfalls unterstützt durch process the parent parts of its own trauma can also be supported by den Heilungsrhythmus. the healing rhythm. Da ich die Pads verwende für meine Arbeit mit den Kindern, Since I use the pads for my work with the children, wird gleichzeitig auch die Mutter stimuliert, die in aller Regel die Pads hält oder das is also the mother stimulates, which generally keeps the pads or rhythmische Klopfen übernimmt. rhythmic tapping does.
Keywords: Children Adolescents Adults
292. Seidel, M. (2008, October 22). Mutter-kind-bindung - Forderung der bindung zwischen muttern und kindern mit EMDR - [Mother-child bond: Promotion of the bond between mothers and children with EMDR ]. Psychotherapeutishches Zentrum Helios-Klinik Bad Mergentheim.
Language: German
Format: Book
Keywords: Attachment
293. Servan-Schreiber D., Le Lin B., & Birmaher, B. (1998, August). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder in Tibetan refugee children. Journal of The American Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(8), 874-879..
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: In an exploratory survey the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) was estimated in children who escaped from Tibet and found refuge in Tibetan settlements in India. METHOD: As part of an exploratory mission of the international medical relief organization Doctors Without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres), 61 randomly selected children from four group homes of the Tibetan Children Village in Dharamsala, India, were interviewed for symptoms of PTSD and MDD. RESULTS: 11.5% of the children met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and the same proportion met criteria for MDD. Children who had arrived from Tibet more recently (in the previous 18 months) showed a tendency for greater prevalence of PTSD than children who had been refugees longer. CONCLUSION: Tibetan children who succeed in their journey into exile suffer levels of stress-related disorders comparable with those of children in war situations or those exposed to natural disasters. However, in this population, several protective factors may help reduce the level of distress over time.[Medline]
Keywords: Depressive Disorder Refugees Statistics & Numerical data Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic Adolescents Chi-Square Distribution Children Cross-Sectional Studies Female Health Surveys India Refugees Tibet
294. Settle, C. (2009, June). Concrete methods to elicit past, present, and future targets for EMDR with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
295. Settle, C. (2007, June). EMDR with children 2-10 years of age: Practical and creative therapuetic tools derived from an ongoing fidelity study based on the adaptive information processing model. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation will encompass the findings from a current and ongoing research study on EMDR with young children, with implications for clinical practice arising from this study. The clinical experiences of the presenter, which include treating traumatized children and training EMDR therapists, led to the first EMDR fidelity study on children. From that study, our preliminary findings led us to formulate suggestions about training therapists; these ideas will be explained in the workshop.
Examples will be discussed of how issues related to the therapist, client, and patient, home environment, clinical environment, and therapist training all impact the EMDR treatment protocol with children 20 to 10 years of age. Participants will also lean rot identify developmentally appropriate and child-specific languaging in order to con conceptualize the treatment of children using the EMDR protocol. Using Dr. Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing model, participants will learn to attune to the child verbally and non-verbally to understand how the child has learned to store the trauma in their memory network, versus how the parent or therapist believes the trauma to be stored. Specific tools like mapping and graphing that are used to tease out all the pieces of the EMDR protocol and develop case conceptualization will be demonstrated with associated videos. Through the use of Powerpoint presentation, case presentation, and handouts, additional practical and interesting tools will be presented to assist therapists in using Resource Development, Mastery, and Safe Place exercises in the efficacious treatment of young children. Creative tools used to identify targets, emotions, body sensation, and negative and positive cognitions, will be demonstrated, as well as measurements to aid the child in eliciting the VoC and SUDs. Also, the important of the three-pronged approach (the process of addressing targets from the past, present, and future), and how to develop targets from a child’s often concrete perspective, will be discussed. Finally, participants will be able to use a specific format for reevaluation from both the child’s and parents’ point of view. With these advanced skills in translating EMDR into developmentally appropriate terms and imaginative tools for implementation, participants will return to their practices encouraged to use the entire EMDR protocol with even the youngest of clients. The workshop, which is based on clinical experience and research, will teach creative skills in applying the eight-phase protocol to young children.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Children Fidelity Study Techniques
296. Settle, C. (2008, June). Speciality topics on using EMDR with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop focuses on specialty topics for children under ten including the advanced application of EMDR with other clinical, behavioural, regulatory, medical, and educational issues with recommendations for procedural considerations and additional treatment modalities used in conjunction with the EMDR protocol. Information will be provided through handouts, case presentations, and videos on how EMDR can be used to assist the child in lessening, managing, or eliminating symptomatology in these following areas: 1. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)—information will be presented on targeting social and academic challenges that can reduce anxiety and improve focus and self-control) 2. Sensory Integration Dysfunction (SID)—identifying and reprocessing sensory difficulties will be taught to help the child achieve reduction in hypersensitivity 3. Tics—targeting the child’s anxiety can result in the reduction of tics 4. Trichotillomania—a specific procedure will be presented to assist in decreasing or eliminating the incidence of hair-pulling 5. School refusal behaviour—case conceptualization will be explored to assist in targeting behaviour and improve school attendance 6. Gifted and talented—techniques for reprocessing emotional and sensory targets will be demonstrated to assist the child in bridging their intellectual, emotional, and social challenges 7. Regulatory issues—skills for combining EMDR with behavioural and educational techniques will be discussed to help the child reduce or eliminate eating, sleeping, or urinary/bowel difficulties 8. Traumatic brain injury—targeting the 22 precipitating event and the ongoing medical traumas utilized with a parent narrative protocol can reduce the child’s anxiety and improve functioning.
Keywords: Children
297. Shapiro, F. (1992, December). Stray thoughts: Frozen childhood, Bio-electrical valence. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 1-2.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Clinical observations of EMDR treatment sessions indicate that therapeutic results are often achieved through the progressive emergence of an adult perspective, particularly when the client was previously locked into the emotional responses of a childhoodbased trauma. Clearly, most childhood experiences are infused with a sense of powerlessness, lack of choice, lack of control, and inadequacy. Even the best of childhoods have moments when the parents attempt to leave for the evening and the child feels abandoned, powerless, and uncared for. Indeed, an entire generation of children was raised by a book that dictated feeding hours and parents were encouraged to avoid reinforcing the child's crying for food at other times. Consequently, thousands of children were left crying in the dark for food. Regardless of the fact that language was not yet encoded, arguably, this situation set up certain emotional nodes regarding "Self," "Suffering," and "Others." The EMDR model posits that the wide variety of childhood experiences are neurological touchstones for many dysfunctions.
Keywords: Children Trauma Bio-electrical Valence
298. Shapiro, F. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias.To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text]
Keywords: Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology PTSD Rape Spouse Abuse Survivors Veterans Patient Selection
299. Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 2nd Ed.. New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias. To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text of 1st Edition]
Keywords: Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology PTSD Rape Spouse Abuse Survivors Veterans Patient Selection
300. Smith, G. (2004, September). Effectively applying 8 phases of EMDR to any age child or adolescent. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will provide a comprehensive system for effectively applying the eight phases of the EMDR protocol with any age client. Participants will learn: 1) Three critical components of effective EMDR Case Conceptualization with children; 2) Steps to take in the Preparation Phase to ensure optimal client safety and treatment effectiveness; 3) Age-based variations for doing BLS and obtaining the Picture, NC, PC, VOC, Emotions, SUDS, and Physical Sensations; 4) Strategies for facilitating optimal processing with children, including strategies for intervention when processing is blocked or looping; 5) Closure and reevaluation strategies for enhancing treatment effectiveness with children.
Keywords: 8 Phases Children Adolescents
301. Smith, P. A., & Yule, W. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In W. Yule (Ed.), Post-traumatic stress disorders: concepts and therapy (pp. 267-284). Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the most recent additions to the armoury of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter briefly outlines the EMDR procedure, and reviews the growing number of outcome evaluation studies, before considering some of the recent theoretical explanations that have been offered. EMDR has been used with a variety of populations, and its use with children and adolescents is considered here. At the heart of EMDR is the notion that accelerated processing of disturbing material can be directly facilitated at a neurophysiological level using a variety of dual attention tasks. Accordingly, a by-product of resolution at the neurophysiological level is cognitive and emotional well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Literature Review PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Survivors Children Adolescents Psychotherapeutic Processes Research Needs
302. Sochaczewsky, E. M. (2001, May). EMDR and intergenerational violence in a Children's Psychiatric Hospital. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Most of the children who come to our Clinic are multi-traumatised and very often they have been hurt in their own families. Domestic violence is usually understood as physical and sexual abuse and neglect, and we have learned to look at the "T-traumatas", Silent Violence, the "t-traumatas", including constant negative feedback to the child, devaluation and narcissistic abuse suffered from for many years in the "ghetto family" do also cause severe woundings, which we have not yet learned to look at.
Keywords: Children Intergenerational Violence
303. Solomon, E. P., & Heide, K. M. (2005, January). The biology of trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 51-60.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: During the past 20 years, the development of brain imaging techniques and new biochemical approaches has led to increased understanding of the biological effects of psychological trauma. New hypotheses have been generated about brain development and the roots of antisocial behavior. We now understand that psychological trauma disrupts homeostasis and can cause both short and long-term effects on many organs and systems of the body. Our expanding knowledge of the effects of trauma on the body has inspired new approaches to treating trauma survivors. Biologically informed therapy addresses the physiological effects of trauma, as well as cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviors. The authors suggest that the most effective therapeutic innovation during the past 20 years for treating trauma survivors has been Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a therapeutic approach that focuses on resolving trauma using a combination of top-down (cognitive) and bottom-up (affect/body) processing. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: PTSD Literature Review Children Adolescents Neurophysiology Neuroendocrinology Child Abuse Neglect Forensic Evaluation Survivors Criminal Behavior
304. Solomon, R. M., & McGoldrick, T. (2002, June). Protocol for the utilization of EMDR with grief and mourning. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR can be utilized within an overall framework for treatment of grief and mourning. Processes that mourners go through to accommodate and assimilate the loss, and how EMDR can be utilized for each process, will be discussed. EMDR can also be utilized in the safe development of an adaptive "inner representation" that enables the mourner to move from "loving in presence" to "loving in absence." A protocol for the utilization of EMDR in dealing traumatic grief will be discussed. Data from s study involving parents of murdered children, where EMDR was utilized, wlll he presented.
Keywords: Bereavement Survivors Psychotherapeutic Processes Grief Mourning Murdered Children
305. Solvey, P. & Ferrazzano de Solvey, R. C. (2009). Abordajes en EMDR. Series de Terapias de Avan Zada, Volume 5. Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Nuevos protocolos de trabajo presentados por terapeutas expertos
en el tema para: Trauma y Disociación / Niños y Adolescentes/
Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica/ Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica / Adicciones.
New working protocols submitted by experts therapists
on the issue to: trauma and dissociation / children and adolescents /
Surgical Psicoprofilaxis / Infertility / addiction.
Keywords: Trauma y Disociación Niños y Adolescentes Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica Adicciones Trauma Dissociation Children Adolescents Surgical Psicoprofilaxis Infertility Addiction
306. Spindler-Ranta, D. C. (1999, Fall). Slaying the monsters. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4 Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition), 9-10.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Child & adolescent and EMDR issue: A closer look
When young children are traumatized, they lose a sense of control over their everyday life. I have developed the “Slaying the Monsters” technique to help children regain that sense of control
307. Spindler-Ranta, D. C., & Schwartz, S. (2004, September). Slaying the monster: Relieving trauma in 9–90 year olds. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Slaying the Monster incorporates the steps of EMDR with a twist - combining bilateral stimulation with drawing, storytelling, and positive cognitions. This technique works for resistant teenagers and adults who tend to dissociate, including DIDs or those who find the standard protocol overwhelming. This unique form of EMDR allows the client to release his target even if he cannot identify it. This workshop will show clinicians how to: 1) identify the step-by-step procedure of Slaying the Monster technique by describing it, demonstrating it and then allowing the clinicians to experience it: 2) demonstrate what to do with clients who are unable to use the standard protocol: and 3) demonstrate through experiential means how this approach reduces presented symptoms.
308. Spindler-Ranta, D. C., & Schwartz, S. (2003, September). Slaying the monster: Relieving trauma in 3 – 9 year olds. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This technique is significant because it allows relief from trauma without articulating the event that caused the trauma or even fully remembering that event. It combines EMDR with drawing and storytelling. Positive cognitions are installed during the process, leaving the child with self-esteem tools that can serve them in the future. It reduces symptoms of abuse, loss, or accidents. This technique deviates from EMDR protocol to accommodate children's short attention spans and need to play in therapy. Clinicians will be able to: I) identify the components of the Slaying the Monster technique, 2) solve the dilemma of young children being unable to identify or articulate their trauma, and 3) demonstrate how to reduce symptoms associated with trauma.
Keywords: Trauma Children Slaying the Monster
309. Staff (1995, May). Eye movement, desensitization treats PTS in children. Clinical Psychiatry News, 23(5), 10.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children
310. Staff. (2003, Februari). Various. EMDR-Bladet: Medlemstidning för EMDR-Sverige, 4(3/3002) and 5(1/2003), 1-16.
Language: Swedish
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: 2 Ledare; 3 EMDRIA-konferensen i San Diego; 5 EMDR – inte bara traumabehandling; 10 Europakonferensen i Frankfurt; 11 EMDR med barn
13 Van der Kolk i Stockholm; 14 Certifiering av EMDR-terapeuter; 15 Psykoterapimässan; 15 Svensk akademisk uppsats om EMDR; 15 Årsmöte och studiedag 2003; 15 Utbildningar, konferenser mm
2 Editorial; 3 EMDRIA Conference in San Diego; 5 EMDR - not just trauma treatment; 10 European Conference in Frankfurt; 11 EMDR with children; 13 Van der Kolk in Stockholm; 14 Certification of EMDR-therapist; 15 Psychotherapy Mässan; 15 Swedish academic paper on EMDR; 15 Annual meeting and workshop in 2003; 15 Training, conferences, etc.
311. Staff. (2000). Complex PTSD in children II: Therapeutic interventions. Cavalcade Productions, Inc., Nevada City, CA.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract: In this video series, Bessel van der Kolk and other clinicians from The Trauma Center, along with therapists Joyanna Silberg and Frances Waters, describe the assessment tools and therapeutic approaches that they have found most useful in working the severely traumatized in children. The clinician's role in such cases often includes working with parents or guardians as well as children, and can extend far beyond the therapy room to encompass psychoeducation and advocacy. For children with complex PTSD, safety must be established both externally and internally. Maintaining internal safety can be an especially difficult task when the child is highly dissociative. The presenters discuss ground techniques that can help a child to stay safe and stable, and describe the therapeutic modalities "play, talk, art, and group therapy" that they have found useful. Topics include controlling aggression, accessing emotions, changing the trauma story, and using EMDR.
Keywords: Intervention Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Therapeutic Processes PTSD Clinical Judgment (Not Diagnosis) Treatment
312. Stallard, P. (2006, November). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic reactions in children and young people: A review of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), 895-911.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Children exposed to a wide range of traumatic events suffer significant post-traumatic reactions. Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of interventions with traumatised children are described, the limitations of the current literature base identified, and issues regarding the applicability of these findings and interventions to everyday clinical practice discussed. Methodological issues, variations in interventions, parental involvement, theoretical underpinning, and outcomes will be discussed and implications for future studies highlighted. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: PTSD Preschool Age Children School Age Children Adolescents Literature Review Cognitive Therapy Survivors Stressors Psychotherapy Treatment Effectiveness Methodology Parents Randomised Controlled Trials CBT Children Post-Traumatic Reactions
313. Strom, I., & Christie, H. (2001, May). Possible EMDR targets when working with children diagnosed with OCD: A case history. Poster presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: WORKING WITH CHILDREN POSTER PRESENTATION: This poster will describe a girl who is 13 years of age and how she is living with mother and stepfather, her symptoms and her obsessive thought and actions. The poster will give information about a girl who is a very lively and charming person and who is strongly motivated to get help. There will be information about how the girl's life is strongly influenced by obsessions both thoughts and actions and her symptoms. For example, she feels frequently she must ask whether it will be a fire, if there is any risk for her being contaminated, or if she will get different diseases like AIDS, or even getting pregnant. How the girl thinks she can hurt other persons and that she will get hurt herself. For example the girl has to check and dry off the toilet several times before, leaving, she also thinks she must wash her hands several times a day. She could seldom stay or play with her friends. Further the poster will describe how she enjoys school and feels sony for having to do all the constant asking and the different rituals - how she understands that it is stupid to go on doing what she does - and that she can not help it. The poster will give examples of targets, how and when the EMDR is used in the treatment. Information on the poster about the treatment, and the experience and effect of the EMDR interventions. This information from the therapeutic process will be separately provided and presented from the girl, the mother and the therapist.
314. Struik, A. (2009, June). Stabilization and EMDR treatment of young dissociative children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Dissociation; Children
Keywords: Stablization Dissociation Children Treatment
315. Sutton, J. (1994, March). Children: Traumatized children. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
316. Sutton, J. (1993, March). Traumatized children. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
317. Taylor, R. J. (2002, September). Family unification with reactive attachment disorder: A brief treatment. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 24(3), 475-481.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This is a case study of a family with a child (age eight) with reactive attachment disorder and the subsequent individual and family therapy. Treatment of choice for the child was Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and supportive educational counseling for the parents and family. Qualitative evaluation of the process demonstrated that the parents observed an instant change in the child's attitude. The child reported that she felt better about family, school, and truthfulness, and stated about the therapy: It opened a window for me. A 12-month evaluation demonstrated continued positive effects.
Keywords: Reactive Attachment Disorder Family Unification Treatment Educational Counseling Attachment Disorders Family Therapy Parent Child Relations Individual Psychotherapy Children Family Attachment Disorder Anxiety
318. Taylor, R. J. (2003, September). Family unifications with reactive attachment disorder: Children – A brief treatment approach. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation will discuss the symptomology of reactive attachment disorder in children and the effects on the family. In addition, the presentation will focus on the treatment mileau of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and how it may be used in the treatment of reactive attachment disorder in children. The discussion also will include a case study of a family with a child age 8 with reactive attachment disorder and the subsequent individual and family therapy. Treatment of choice was EMDR for the child and supportive therapy for the parents. Qualitative evaluation of the process demonstrated that the parents observed an instant changing in the child's attitude. The child reported that she felt better about herself, family, school, and truthfulness. Her statement about the therapy: "It opened a windown for me." In relation to outcomes, a 12 and 24-month evaulation demonstrated continued positive effects. The importance of working with the family in understanding the dynamics of reactive attachement disorder and how improvement occurs will be discussed. Objectives of the session will be to give clinical information to practitioners about children with reactive attachment disorder, how this disorder affects the family, and possible therapeutic intervention techniques to open a diaglogue that will lead to understanding children who are in treatment.
Keywords: Reactive Attachment Disorder Family Unification Treatment Educational Counseling Attachment Disorders Family Therapy Parent Child Relations Individual Psychotherapy
319. Tennis, C. (2005, September 15). What do I say to my 4-year-old about our house in New Orleans?. Salon.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract: My family is from New Orleans. The good news: We left early, before the storm. We never were in personal danger, and all of my family is safe. We have been in hotels or with family. We have been fed and are physically comfortable.
Keywords: New Orleans Katrina Children
320. Thaxton, D. (2007, June). Star wars therapy: Integrating EMDR with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR with children can be clinically challenging. Traditional protocols are difficult to follow, especially with younger children. Unique to this approach, Star Wars therapy allows children to produce their own bilateral stimulation while the therapist installs verbal cognitive interweaves. Star Wars therapy facilitates the integration of resource installations; it provides children with an exciting venue to explore schemas and ego states resulting form trauma, abuse and neglect. Star Wars play therapy is a practical skill set for clinicians interested in integrating EMDR with children. Star Wars is unique in its immediate accessibility for children. The rich story line it provides them with accessible themes of good and evil, betrayal, injustice, universal hierarchy, and connectedness with “the force:’ the main characters act as primary archetypes. The body of this work is dived into two mains sections. The first section outlines Star Wars Play Therapy from a theoretical standpoint. The goal is to address the neurobiological, psychological, and attachment aspects which are the basis for treatment. The second reaction addresses the technique form a practical perspective. A complete clinical protocol is outlines, from conceptualization to execution of play, to the integration of EMDR instillations and trauma targeting.
Keywords: Children Star Wars Therapy
321. Thieman, S. L. (2009). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on traumatized children. M.A. Prescott College, AZ. AAT 1465372.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Abstract (Summary) The cost and benefits of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on children who have endured trauma was reviewed in an effort to answer the following question: can EMDR, an established therapeutic tool for trauma recovery with adults, address the needs of children who are experiencing the after effects of trauma? This literature review included research on the brain, repercussions of trauma, and the process of EMDR treatment. A case study of an eight year old boy attending a psychiatric day treatment program depicts both childhood trauma and EMDR treatment and indicates that EMDR was an effective treatment modality for this boy with a history of abuse and neglect. The client's drawings indicate a reduction and release of trauma following a session of EMDR. These findings are congruent with much of the available literature.
322. Thomson, S. S. (1995). On circumcision, other childhood medical procedures and EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: I was using eye movements with a 47-year- old client, Jay (pseudonym), focusing on an unnecessary tonsillectomy when he was about 9 years old. These operations were done on both his older brother and himself-just because this was what was done in those days. He described seeing his brother being wheeled, semi-conscious, out of the operating room with blood coming out of his mouth. He thought to himself, "Well, he's not dead . . . (is he?)." He was then dragged kicking and screaming to the operating room. His parents did not visit him for the 3 days he he had been promised some. As we was in the hospital. He got no ice cream, though were finishing the EMDR processing of this set of incidents, I asked him if he had been circumcised. (I had been meaning to ask about this since he was intensively processing a list of traumas in a short period of time before leaving the state for a new job. I chose this moment "out of the clear blue sky.") He said, "Well, it's funny you ask this because for the last ten minutes I have been feeling a sharp pain all around. . . there" (the head of his penis). As he moved his eyes, focusing on the sharp pain, it got increasingly dull until it went away. (Incidentally, processing this pain may have elicited, or made him feel safe enough to realize, another related fact-his attitude toward his body.)
Keywords: Circumsion Children Medical Procedures
323. Tinker, R. (1994, March). Children: ADHD. Paper presented at the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
324. Tinker, R. (1996, June). Using EMDR with children. Workshop at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Workshop E: Last year over 3 million children were exposed to physical and sexual abuse, andor community and domestic violence (based on conservative estimates. Of these, approximately 1 million will require mental health, medical and educational services related to PTSD symptoms. The present workshop will make extensive use of videotaped sessions to illustrate the effectiveness of EMDR with traumatized children and children who exhibit symptomatology related to the major psychiatric syndromes exhibited in childhood. General considerations in using EMDR with children will be covered. Issues related to client safety during EMDR will be illustrated with a tape of a 10-year-old boy who was traumatized by physical abuse and his inability to protect his younger brothers. Standard protocols for use with children will be demonstrated by videotape, ranging from protocols appropriate for eight-year-olds and older; to those appropriate for most five- to eight-year-olds; and finally to those appropriate for children less than five. For example, nightmares are often a target of choice for young children, and this will be illustrated with a video of a four-year-old boy resolving a nightmare image. Diagnostic issues in using EMDR with children will also be covered. A majority of children referred for psychotherapy are referred for abuse (physical and sexual) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An overview of ADHD will be provided, with a discussion of how these-symptoms often overlap with PTSD symptomatology, causing diagnostic difficulties. Videotapes and overheads will be used in case presentations. The effects of divorce on children will be adumbrated, along with developmental considerations. Again, videos will be used to amplify the discussion. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on children, and how EMDR can be helpful with these children will be another major topic for consideration. Videos illustrating this process will be presented. PTSD in children will be examined, along with developmental considerations, and illustrated by videotape. If possible, footage from children traumatized by the bombing in Oklahoma City, will be included. Other videos could include using EMDR with a four-year-old child who was in an automobile accident, whose behavior continued to be impaired six months later, and a youth who accidentally shot and killed his younger cousin. Childhood disorders following bereavement will also be discussed and illustrated via videotape. References will be provided.
Keywords: Children
325. Tinker, R. H. (2008, September). EMDR with children of all ages: Theoretical possibilities. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR has been applied successfully to traumatized children even younger than two years of age. Such application allows us to formulate theories about what the essential ingredients in EMDR are, in a way that is not possible with adults, where the situation is more complex, and more complicated theories are frequently offered. These essential elements appear to be the pairing of the traumatic memory with bilateral stimulation in a safe environment. Video clips will be shown illustrating how such pairing, on both an individual and group basis, can be accomplished and how results can be documented. While EMDR with children offers the possibility of parsimony in theory construction, such theory needs to encompass all phenomena that appear in EMDR sessions, such as elimination of phantom limb pain and the appearance of stigmata during and after EMDR sessions. Video clips will be shown documenting the elimination of phantom limb pain, and photos of stigmata from EMDR sessions. Theoretical possibilities will be presented to account for these phenomena in a way that is both parsimonious and encompassing.
Keywords: Children
326. Tinker, R. H. (2002). EMDR for traumatised children around the world. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR : clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 9-14) London : The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. pp. 52.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: EMDR is a form of psychotherapy that is highly applicable to children, in part because of its structured format and it simplicity. Clinical vignettes of EMDR with children who have been subjected to single and multiple traumas are presented, with modifications that allow it to be applied to children of different ages. The application of EMDR to children of different cultures is explored. A framework for trauma-based diagnosis will be contrasted with our preset diagnostic system. The use of EMDR in a group format with refugee Albanian children traumatized by the conflict in Kosovo is also presented. The presenter discusses the impact of EMDR on his own life, through the deepening of emotional experiences and understandings possible with this form of therapy.
Keywords: Occasional Paper Trauma Children
327. Tinker, R. H. (2007, June). EMDR with children of all ages: Theoretical possibilities. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR has been applied successfully to traumatized children even younger than two years of age. Such application allows us to formulate theories about what the essential ingredients in EMDR are, in a way that is not possible with adults, where the situation is more complex, and more complicated theories are frequently offered. These essential elements appear to be the pairing of the traumatic memory with bilateral stimulation in a safe environment. Video clips will be shown illustrating how such pairing, on both an individual and group basis, can be accomplished and how results can be documented.While EMDR with children offers the possibility of parsimony in theory construction, such theory needs to encompass all phenomena that appear in EMDR sessions, such as elimination of phantomlimb pain and the appearance of stigmata during and after EMDR sessions. Video clips will be shown documenting the elimination of phantom limb pain, and photos of stigmata fromEMDR sessions. Theoretical possibilities will be presented to account for these phenomena in a way that is both parsimonious and encompassing.
328. Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). Using EMDR to treat children. Workshop at the EMDR Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Workshop E: Last year over 3 million children were exposed to physical and sexual abuse, and/or community and domestic violence (based on conservative estimates. Of these, approximately 1 million will require mental health, medical and educational services related to PTSD symptoms. The present workshop will make extensive use of videotaped sessions to illustrate the effectiveness of EMDR with traumatized children and children who exhibit symptomatology related to the major psychiatric syndromes exhibited in childhood. General considerations in using EMDR with children will be covered. Issues related to client safety during EMDR will be illustrated with a tape of a 10-year-old boy who was traumatized by physical abuse and his inability to protect his younger brothers. Standard protocols for use with children will be demonstrated by videotape, ranging from protocols appropriate for eight-year-olds and older; to those appropriate for most five- to eight-year-olds; and finally to those appropriate for children less than five. For example, nightmares are often a target of choice for young children, and this will be illustrated with a video of a four-year-old boy resolving a nightmare image. Diagnostic issues in using EMDR with children will also be covered. A majority of children referred for psychotherapy are referred for abuse (physical and sexual) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An overview of ADHD will be provided, with a discussion of how these-symptoms often overlap with PTSD symptomatology, causing diagnostic difficulties. Videotapes and overheads will be used in case presentations. The effects of divorce on children will be adumbrated, along with developmental considerations. Again, videos will be used to amplify the discussion. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on children, and how EMDR can be helpful with these children will be another major topic for consideration. Videos illustrating this process will be presented. PTSD in children will be examined, along with developmental considerations, and illustrated by videotape. If possible, footage from children traumatized by the bombing in Oklahoma City, will be included. Other videos could include using EMDR with a four-year-old child who was in an automobile accident, whose behavior continued to be impaired six months later, and a youth who accidentally shot and killed his younger cousin. Childhood disorders following bereavement will also be discussed and illustrated via videotape. References will be provided.
Keywords: Children
329. Tinker, R. H., & Tinker-Wilson, S, A, (2008, September). A microanalysis of a single EMDR session with a child. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Within the parameters of the EMDR protocol, there is room for therapeutic choice. The purpose of this workshop is to allow participants to view a single session with a child in a detailed fashion, to provide learning and discussion about the choices a therapist makes. In the last 45 minutes, a panel will discuss the session. Following the workshop, participants will: Identify significant choice points in an EMDR session; Recognize subtle aspects of dissociation; Employ approaches to eliminate or reduce dissociation.
Keywords: Children
330. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (2003, September). EMDR: The emerging science of trauma and application to the treatment of children. Preconference workshop presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: It is increasingly recognized that psychological trauma causes neurophyslological dysregulation in children, which then alters their developmental course. In this full-day seminar, we will present an organizational framework that clarifies how trauma-based diagnosis relates to traditional nosological systems, such as DSM-IV, and ICD-10, and how to treat these symptoms of dysregulation using EMDR. We will illustrate these concepts with videotapes of EMDR treatment sessions with children. These video seggments will cover a variety of applications with children of different ages, including single traumas, multiple traumas, complex disorders of childhood, attachment issues, dissociation, and group application of EMDR with war refugee children. Following the workshop, participants will be able to discuss and understand the above topics.
Keywords: Children War Refugees
331. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (2000). EMDR mit kindern: Ein handbuch - [EMDR with children: A handbook]. Paderborn: Junfermann.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract: EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) hat Tausenden von Erwachsenen geholfen, die unter den Nachwirkungen traumatischer Erlebnisse litten. Für die Arbeit mit Kindern und Heranwachsenden wird das EMDR-Protokoll so modifiziert, dass es sogar bei Kindern im Alter von zwei Jahren angewandt werden kann. Ein System zur Klassifizierung von Kindheitstraumata, das es Therapeuten ermöglicht, die Reaktion eines Kindes auf EMDR einzuschätzen, wird ebenfalls vorgestellt. Fallbeispiele veranschaulichen die Anwendung von EMDR bei unterschiedlichen Traumata. Ein ausführlicheres Bild von diesem Buch können sich die Leser durch die Leseproben auf der Verlags-Website machen.
Keywords: Children
332. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (1999). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. New York W. W. Norton. xviii, 284 pp..
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Explores the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. The book demystifies the application of EMDR for children, from the first session with the parents to later sessions with children at all developmental stages. The adult protocol is modified so that it can be applied to children as young as two years old (and possibly younger). A system of classification of childhood trauma allows therapists to predict a child's response to EMDR is presented. Myriad cases illustrate the use of EMDR with various traumas. Many examples of simple traumas are presented, including automobile accidents, lightning strikes, bereavement, and specific phobias such as a fear of animals. In addition, cases illustrate success with complex traumas, where aspects of the trauma are ongoing and EMDR becomes part of several possible therapeutic interventions. EMDR is also discussed as an intervention for children who have problems that are not caused by trauma. Case illustrations show how EMDR can be used with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depressive, or reactive attachment disorders as well as learning difficulties and somatoform disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Children Therapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors Mental Disorders Phobias
333. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (1999). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. EMDR Institute, Inc., Pacific Grove, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Specialty Workshop
A. GENERAL GUIDELINES: GETTING STARTED
1. Obtain athorough developmental history from the parents.
2. Explain your training in EMDR and the pros and cons of
usage. Reasons you are suggesting using it with their
child. Brief description of the process. Document
pro/con discussion in file.
3. Do whatever you normally do with a child: evaluate,
test, play, talk, art, games, sand tray; establish a safe
relationship. Safety, boundaries, empowerment, important
in any child therapy, become even more important in EMDR.
4. Introduce EMDR with a "safe placef1and/or something
positive.
5. Later, when significant issues come up, can say, "Let's
try something. Think about that and follow my fingers."
(Abbreviated form). With other kids use NC, PC, VOC,
SUDS, Body location, if at all possible.
6. If you have expertise with children, use it with
children; if expertise with ADHD children, use; if
expertise with abused children, use; if expertise with
Learning Disabled children; with Developmental Delays,
with children of divorce, with traumatized children, etc.
EMDR is, in itself, no substitute for knowledge in a
content area. Become knowledgeable in a content area
before using EMDR in that area.
Keywords: Children
334. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (2007, June). EMDR with children around the world: Sixteen years later. Paper presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The present workshop will be primarily practice oriented, with themorning session focusing on Age-Related Protocols with progressively younger children (down to age one year), and the afternoon session focusing on the use of EMDR in a group format with children traumatized by war. We will present data on its effectiveness with two groups of Ethnic Albanian refugee children held in a German refugee camp. A group exercise will assist workshop participants in understanding the protocol for group administration of EMDR. Other research considerations will be presented, related to successful and unsuccessful projects with children. Also in the afternoon, we will target themore severe disorders of childhood, such asmultiplytraumatized children and attachment disordered children. We will give attention to issues related to trauma-based diagnosis, the use of art with EMDR, and a treatment model featuring short interventions throughout the developmental years and how these affect developmental trajectories. Throughout the workshop, we will use videotapes to illustrate the issues that are most salient, the importance of attunement and finer points of technique
Keywords: Children
335. Tinker, R., & Wilson, S. (2005, September). EMDR master series - II. Paper presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The effectiveness of EMDR with children can be enhanced with the use of a number of theoretical conceptualizations, protocol modifications, and specific techniques. In this master class, we will cover: understanding how attachment theory informs the use of EMDR with attachment-disordered children; how EMDR can be used on a group basis across cultures, with children scarred by war as well as natural disasters; how attunement is more important than relationship in EMDR; how resource development can be used within the EMDR protocol, instead of beforehand; how dissociation is manifested and treated with children; how additional techniques can be used to jump-start stalled processing with children; how trauma-based diagnosis relates to DSM-lV nomenclature; how heart math solutions can be combined with Safe Place; and how one- and two-year-old childrcn can benefit from EMDR. Also, participants will be encouraged to share their own experiences, techniques, and conceptualizations with EMDR and children.
Keywords: Children Master Series Attachment Theory Resource Development Attachment Disorder
336. Tinker, R., Wilson, S., & Becker, L. A. (1999, June). Trauma-based diagnosis: A framework to predict treatment parameters for EMDR with children and adults. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will learn: 1) to understand and define the term "trauma-based diagonsis;" 2) to detail the differences between trauma-based diagnoses and DSM-IV diagnoses; 3) to detail trauma characteristics that affect treatment length in EMDR; 4) to indicate which trauma characteristics exert a major effect on treatment length in EMDR; 5) to indicate which trauma characteristics exert a minor effect on EMDR treatment length; and 6) to understand risk factors in PTSD and how these factors relate to treatment paramaters in EMDR.
Keywords: Children Adults Trauma-Based Diagonsis DSM-IV Diagnosis Treatment Length Risk Factors in PTSD Treatment Parameters
337. Tormey, M. E. (2003, May). EMDR with children and adolescents – EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with school refusal in the outpatient setting: The role of trauma resolution, imaginal exposure and in vivo desensitization and reprocessing resulting in student reintegration to the classroom. Paper presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: School refusal behavior is defined as a child-motivated refusal to attend school, or difficulties remaining in school for the entire day. As a heterogeneous condition, it can encompass aspects of phobic-type responses or separation anxiety disorder. This condition interferes with the child’s development as it impacts upon academic performance, family and peer relationships in the short-term realm. Long-term effects may include fewer employment and educational opportunities, as well as the development of psychiatric sequelae. This presentation will describe the use of EMDR as a comprehensive treatment for the child or adolescent with school refusal. Case presentations will describe assessment of the problem, with treatment of targets in the individual child or as part of a family systems intervention. Highlights will be placed on the rapid resolution of school refusal behaviors through the processing of traumatic incidents, versus those conditions requiring a more extended and extensive treatment program. The creative implementation of in vivo EMDR will be described in the successful classroom reintegration of two students [Author abstract]
Keywords: Symposium: Children Adolescents School Refusal Outpatient Setting Imaginal Exposure, In Vivo Desentization, Student Reintegration
338. Trickey, D. (2006). Comparative review of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desenstisation and processing (EMDR) for traumatised children and young people. Paper presented at the Faculty for Children and Young People Annual Conference.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Children Young People
339. Tufnell, G. (2005, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of pre-adolescent children with post-traumatic symptoms. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(4), 587-600.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This article describes the treatment of PTSD using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with four pre-adolescent children. EMDR has been shown to bring rapid relief in adults with PTSD. Studies are beginning to show that it can also be useful in work with young children. However, the standard protocol requires some adjustment to make it suitable for use with young children. In addition, in situations where children have complex difficulties in addition to PTSD, EMDR may need to be used alongside other interventions within a complex treatment package. This study describes brief work carried out with four pre-adolescent children with PTSD. Three of these children had received no treatment despite suffering from significant and chronic symptoms for some years. One had suffered a recent traumatic bereavement. All had additional problems that required intervention. EMDR was used as part of a multimodal treatment package. In all cases, the children's PTSD symptoms resolved within 2-4 sessions of EMDR. The maximum total number of sessions was 7. The children's symptomatic improvements were maintained at 6-month follow-up. EMDR can be adapted for use with pre-adolescent children. It can provide rapid and lasting symptomatic relief. EMDR can be a useful part of a multi-modal treatment package for young children with PTSD and additional mental health problems. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Energy Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors PTSD Clinical Case Study
340. Tufnell, G. (2004, June). Symposium children and EMDR - Using EMDR to treat PTSD in preadolescent children. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium Children Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
341. Tufnell, G. (2008, June). Traumatised parents of traumatised children: A brief EMDR intervention. Paper presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Where children have suffered traumatic experience, parents may also have been affected by the same event and may themselves suffer significant post traumatic symptoms. Parents affected in this way are often unable to attend as well as they would like to the needs of their children, to respond appropriately, or to provide optimal support for their children. It is well known that parental mental ill-health – especially maternal mental health problems - is a risk factor for mental health problems and the development and perpetuation of PTSDs in children. Our clinic has seen many children with parents who have been affected in this way. This paper describes a brief EMDR intervention developed by our team for providing help to these traumatized parents. It is shows how a brief intervention of this kind can be useful in bringing rapid relief to parents suffering from PTSs and how the resulting improvement in attunement and responsiveness to the child is associated with improvements in the child’s functioning.
Keywords: Children
342. Tufnell. G. (2004, February). Using EMDR to treat PTSD in preadolescent children. Paper presented at the 2nd annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Birmingham, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This paper will describe the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in preadolescent children using Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR has shown to bring rapid relief in adults with PTSD, Studies are begining to show that it can also be useful in work with young children. However, the standard protocol requires some adjustment. In addition, in situation where children have complex difficulties in addition to PTSD, EMDR may need to be used alongside other interventions within a complex treatment package. Method: This study describes brief work carried out with 4 preadolescent children with PTSD. Three of these children had receive no treatment in spite of suffering from significant and chronic symptoms ofr years. One had suffered a traumatic bereavement. All had additional problems that required intervention. EMDR was used as part of a comprehensive treatment package. Results: In all cases, the children's PTSD symptoms resolved within 2-4 sessions of EMDR. The maximum total number of sessions was 7. The children's symptomatic improvements were maintained at 6 month follow-up. Comment: EMDR can be adapted for use with preadolescent children. It can povide rapid and lasting symptomatic relief. EMDR can be a useful part of a multi-modal treatment package for young childen with PTSD and additional mental health problems.
Keywords: Children Preadolescents PTSD
343. Turner, E. (2005, September). Affect regulation for children through art, play and storytelling. Paper presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Traumatized and neglected children are likely to have deficits that results in low affect tolerance, leading to a tendency to become overwhelmed and dissociate during trauma processing. This workshop will describe the impact of the abuse and neglect on emotional regulation and the need for fun and developmentally appropriate experiences that build internal resources prior to trauma processing. Through live demonstration and small group activities, participants will learn to integrate EMDR principles with art interventions that help children identify emotion and tolerate affect. They will be able to apply EMDR principles to common games to increase affect tolerance and install resources and will be able to identify the EMDR principles inherent in effective storytelling appropriate for the preparation phase.
Keywords: Affect Regulation Children Art Therapy Storytelling Play Therapy
344. Turner, E. (2005). Affect regulation for children through art, play, and storytelling. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing, (pp. 327-344). New York: W W Norton & Co. xi, 360 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: No abstract available.
Keywords: Affect Regulation Art Play Storytelling Safety Affect Tolerance Emotional Control Play Therapy Emotional Regulation Tolerance
345. Tym, R., Dyck, M., & McGrath, G. (2000, July-August). Does a visual perceptual disturbance characterize trauma-related anxiety syndromes?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14(4), 377-394.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: The i-test was developed to assess the visual-perceptual disturbances (VPDs) frequently reported by anxious patients. Persons with the disturbance report a specific abnormal illusion of movement when they maintain a fixed gaze at the i-test stimulus. Base rates for positive responses to the i-test and for reports of a "recurrent specific memory" (RSM) of a fear experience were obtained in psychiatric outpatient (n = 301) and community (n = 128) samples. In each case, approximately one fifth of participants had a positive response to the i-test and one fifth of participants reported an RSM of fear. A positive response to the i-test is observed in women more frequently than in men. Among psychiatric patients, approximately 90% of patients who report one symptom also report the other symptom; among community members, the concordance rate is approximately 33%. When psychiatric patients with both an abnormal illusion of movement response and an RSM of trauma are treated with eye movement desensitization, both symptoms are removed in 70% of cases; when these patients undergo some other form of treatment, both symptoms are removed in 30% of cases. These results indicate that the i-test is an effective way of identifying VPDs associated with psychopathologic conditions; the association between the abnormal illusion of movement and reports of recurrent specific memories of fear experiences suggests that the VPD may be a marker of traumatic stress syndromes. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: PTSD Somatic Symptoms Assessment Children Adolescents Adults Memory Retrieval Techniques Females Males Treatment Effectiveness Survivors Witnesses Injuries Depressive Disorders Visual Hallucinations
346. Unknown. (1995, May). Eye movement, desensitization treats PTSD in children. Clinical Psychiatry News, 23(5), 10.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Keywords: Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
347. Unknown. (1991, September). Treating children with EMDR and artwork. Special Report of the Children/Adolescents Special Interest Group, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Keywords: Children Art Therapy
348. Unknown. (2003, June). EMDR with children and adolescents. Paper presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium: Children Adolescents
349. van Haaften, H., Muris, P., & Mayer, B. (1996, July-August). EMDR versus exposure-in-vivo bij kinderen met een spinfobie - [EMDR versus exposure in vivo in children with a spider phobia]. De Psycholoog, 7, 280-285.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: Conducted a cross-over study of the efficacy of EMDR and in vivo exposure in the treatment of spider phobia in children and adolescents. Human Ss: 22 Dutch school-age children and adolescents (aged 10-14 yrs) (spider phobia). Ss were tested, and their galvanic skin response was measured. Tests used: The short form of the Spider Phobia Questionnaire for Children (M. Kindt et al, 1996), the Self Assessment Manikin (R. L. Hodes et al, 1985) and the Behavioral Avoidance Test. Treatments: All Ss were treated with 1 session of in vivo exposure and 1 session of EMDR. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Children In Vivo Expsoure Spider Phobia Empirical Study
350. Waldon, A. P. (2004). Goodbye yucky thoughts and feelings: An EMDR workbook for children. LuLu.com and EMDRResources.com.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Using this workbook, the child EMDR psychotherapist guides the child client through the EMDR protocol. Visually appealing illustrations based on children's drawings are used to encourage the child to draw imaginal and existing resources for strength, mastery, and comfort. Using these drawings, the therapist prepares the child for processing a trauma. Then, after the child draws a safe place, the therapist uses the workbook to help the child identify the thoughts, emotions, and body sensations related to the trauma. The child is then ready for Phase 4, desensitization and reprocessing of the trauma. The workbook continues by helping the therapist guide the child client through the remaining phases of the protocol, finishing with a Certificate of Accomplishment for the child to keep. Instructions for the therapist and worksheets for the therapist's notes are included. [EMDRResources abstract]
351. Waldon, A. P. (2006). Hello Strength & Bravery: A Resource Workbook for Children. (Online) LuLu.com and EMDRResources.com.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract: Using this workbook, the child EMDR psychotherapist guides the child client to create a notebook of drawings of the child`s own strengths and resources. Each page offers a "pick list" of examples related to the positive thought in the headline for that page. On each page the child is instructed to create a drawing or sculpture, or to tell or write a story related to that positive thought or resource. This workbook is helpful to the EMDR therapist in several situations - for installation of resources in the Preparation phase of EMDR Therapy, for positive hands-on activities at the end of child therapy sessions, for selected parents to use at home to reinforce installation of positive resources, and for strength building if the child`s home life is too unstable for trauma processing. This workbook serves as a good companion to Goodbye Yucky Thoughts and Feelings. The workbook is also designed for use by non-EMDR therapists to help build confidence and a sense of mastery.[EMDRResources Abstract]
Keywords: Children
352. Walters, V. (2000). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children, by Robert H. Tinker and Sandra A. Wilson, W.W. Norton, N.Y. 1999. Contemporary Hypnosis, 17(2), 78-83.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Tinker sets the scene for this book in the preface by stating his earlier scepticism about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), asserting that he values scientific research and that he has respectable credentials as a university lecturer of psychotherapy. Readers who use hypnosis as an adjunct to therapy may identify with a similar need to defend themselves against a variety of potential reactions from colleagues (and others) which, at worst, imply one is practising a form of witchcraft. He goes on to describe how, when training to use EMDR, he had personally experienced an unexpected insight which later triggered a profound emotional reaction. We are left in no doubt that Tinker feels passionately about EMDR on both a personal and professional level.
Keywords: Book Review Children
353. Wanders, F., Serra, M., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR versus CBT for children with self-esteem and behavioral problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 180-189.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: This study compared eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Twenty-six children (average age 10.4 years) with behavioral problems were randomly assigned to receive either 4 sessions of EMDR or CBT prior to usual treatment provided in outpatient and inpatient clinics. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, parents and mentors completed a wide variety of self-report instruments and behavioral measures, and the children completed self-assessment instruments prior to therapy, directly after completion of therapy, and at 6-month follow-up. EMDR and CBT were found to have significant positive effects on behavioral and self-esteem problems. Although the differences between treatment effectiveness for EMDR and CBT were small, the children who originally received EMDR showed significantly larger changes in target behaviors than those in the CBT group. The results support the use of EMDR, focused on the desensitization of a series of meaningful memories, to produce significantly positive and sustained effects on children's self-esteem and related problems.
Keywords: EMD Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy CBT Self-Esteem Randomized Control Trial RCT Children Behavior Problems
354. Waters, F. S., & Adlter-Tapia, R. (2009, November). EMDR with children with trauma and dissociation: Case conceptualization from stabilization to integration. Paper presented at the 26th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Washington, DC .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Trauma Dissociation Children
355. Weinberg, R. M., & Dye, J. (2002, June). Tina doesn’t talk at school – Utilizing EMDR to treat a child with selective mutism. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Selective mutism is a relatively rare disorder in which individuals who have the ability to speak and comprehend spoken language are unable to speak in specific social situations. This condition is typically resistant to intervention, becoming more intractable the longer it persists. Tina Doesn’t Talk At School: Utilizing EMDR Within a Multi-Modal Intervention to Treat a Child with Selective Mutism describes a qualitative research study of a 4th grade student who went almost 5 years of no talking at school despite multiple intervention attempts. Surprisingly rapid results ensued shortly after initializing the EMDR technique, and the goal of speech in the school environment was fully attained.
Keywords: Children Selective Mutism
356. Wesselmann, D. (2009, August). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviors associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child’s ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, help the child stay regulated, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviors, coping, and relationships.
Keywords: Reactive Attachment Disorder RAD Children
357. Wesselmann, D. (2001, June). Treating core attachment issues in adults and children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will learn to use EMDR with ego state therapy to treat adult attachment issues, such as inability to receive or provide nurturing and inability to self-soothe. Participants will learn to use EMDR in conjunction with parent-child holding to strengthen an insecure bond.
Keywords: Ego State Therapy Attachment
358. Wesselmann, D. (2000, September). Treating core attachment issues in adults and children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will: 1) be able to describe the specific effects of poor quality attachments on emotional and social functioning in children and adults; 2) be able to describe how problem attachments are transmitted generationally; 3) learn to identify core negative cognitions related to specific types of attachment problems; 4) learn to utilize ego state work in order to strengthen the adult self and develop a self-soothing dialogue prior to the reprocessing of emotionally-laden material; 4) learn to utilize EMDR to help parents understand and change their distorted perceptions and ineffective responses with their children; and 6) learn how to coach parents in providing support and attunement in the child's reprocessing as a way of strengthening the attachment bond.
Keywords: Attachment Ego State Therapy
359. Wesselmann, D. (2007, September). Overcoming obstacles to healthy bonds: Treating parent-child attachments with EMDR. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Disturbed attachment in childhood is associated with serious emotional and behavioral disorders throughout the lifespan. Unfortunately, problems related to poor attachments and abuse by attachment figures are frequently transmitted from one generation to the next. This workshop will explain how these problems are transmitted and describe strategies for using EMDR to heal the effects of past trauma and strengthen the bonds between parents and children in birth families and challenging adoptive situations. By targeting blocks to healthy attachment and strengthening new, healthier patterns of relating for parents and children, even parents who were not lucky enough to have grown up with a secure attachment can be helped to overcome the odds and give their children a better life. This workshop blends technical, theoretical, and clinical elements in a manner that is both practical and enjoyable for participants.
Keywords: Children Parents Attachment Bonds
360. Wesselmann, D., & Settle, C. (2006, September). Children. Preconference workshop presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Know the Why and How to Choose Your What: Some Essentials of EMDR Model and Methodology: Part 2 of 2
Keywords: Children
361. Wieland, S. (2009, May). Using EMDR with children who dissociate. Paper presented at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Dissociation is a common response for children who experience abuse, severe neglect, or extreme disorganized attachment. This workshop will briefly describe the effect of dissociation on a child’s inner world and the emotional, behavioural, cognitive, and somatic symptoms that appear in the child’s outer world. The use of EMDR to (1) increase a child’s sense of safety and stability (the first stage in trauma treatment), (2) decrease the disconnection between aspects of self, and (3) process trauma will be described. Attention will be given to recognizing and responding to dissociation during EMDR processing. Numerous case examples will be presented.
Keywords: Children Dissociation
362. Wieland, S. (2003, November). The use of EMDR with children who dissociate. Paper presented at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Dissociation
363. Wieland, S. (2005, July(?)). An important form of therapy for children - EMDR [4 pages]. Center for Counselling & Therapy.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: As we work with children, we help them explore the empty and frightening places inside. We also help them build a sense of inner security and personal strength. In all of this, EMDR can be an invaluable form of therapy.
Keywords: Children
364. Wieland, S., & Baita, S. (2009, November). "Blank" ...Using EMDR with children who dissociate. Paper presented at the 26th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Washington, DC.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Dissociation Children
365. Willemsen, H., Chowdhury, U., & Briscall, L. (2002, October). Needle phobia in children: A discussion of aetiology and treatment options. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(4), 609-619.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: In this article we review the current literature surrounding needle phobia, concentrating on clinical symptoms, aetiology and treatment options. Clinical symptoms include sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure on exposure to needles followed by an immediate slowing of the heart and decrease in blood pressure (vasovagal reflex). The various schools of thought surrounding aetiology of this condition include biological, psychological and psychodynamic theories. Treatment options vary from simple education and reassurance to medication and specific behavioural approaches. Consideration should be given to past trauma associated with the phobia and relevant family factors. Careful clinical assessment will not only identify the problem but will also help to indicate appropriate treatment options.
Keywords: Behavioural Therapy Needle Phobia Psychotherapy Trauma Vasovagal Reflex
366. Wilson, S., Tinker, R., Hofmann, A., Becker, L. A., & Kleiner, K. (2000, September). A field study of EMDR with Kosovar-Albanian refugee children using a group treatment protocol. Paper presented at the annual meeting on the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Participants will be able to: 1) describe the modified group EMDR treatment protocol; 2) describe the research design; and 3) describe the results of this research.
Keywords: Kosovar-Albanian Refugees Children Group Treatment Protocol
367. Wilson, S., Tinker, R., Hofmann, A., Becker, L., & Marhsall, S. (2000, November). A field study of EMDR with Kosovar-Albanian refugee children using a group treatment protocol. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Traumatic Stress, San Antonio, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Kosovar-Albanian Refugees Children Group Treatment Protocol
368. Winner, K. (1997, July). Divorced from justice: The abuse of women and children by divorce lawyers and judges. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Abuse Divorce Lawyers Judges
369. Withers, D. (2001, June). EMDR bilateral movement groups for children with ADHD. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This workshop will teach experientially how to run therapy groups for children. Specifically, it will teach Resource Installation through Dance/Movement Therapy techniques utilizing EMDR protocol, how to deal with disruptive behaviors by empowering children to come up with their own coping strategies for themselves and each other; and how to identify, locate, and regulate feelings in their bodies.
Keywords: Resource Installation Dance/Movement Therapy: Bilateral Children Groups
370. Withers, D. (2000, December). EMDR bilateral movement groups for children with ADHD. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 11-13.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Using EMDR to treat children diagnosed with ADHD is challenging on many levels. Differentiating the effects of trauma versus pure ADHD or other diagnoses such as OCD, learning disabilities, and even autism is difficult at best because these symptoms could be present as the result of early trauma (Tinker, 1999). These experiences include birth trauma, illness, medical procedures and surgery as well as abuse or neglect (Becker, 2000). These children may be unintentionally further traumatized on a daily basis by parents, teachers, coaches and peers for missing social cues, being impulsive and disruptive and no paying attention or cooperating. They may not easily engage in therapy and tend to avoid new situations due to past failures and harbor negative views of themselves because of their belief that they somehow need to be “fixed.” These response could also be due to attachment disorders or to a “poor match” between temperament of parent and child (Bowlby, 1973).
371. Withers, D. (2001). EMDR therapy in the group setting. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: I had been doing EMDR with children for a number of years for trauma and resultant anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, nightmares, hair pulling and a variety of symptoms, with excellent results. EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, is a powerful tool that seems to have a direct on the way the brain functions, reducing the disturbance of traumatic events and allowing the client to see them in a new and less distressing way. Researchers worldwide publishing in prestigious journals have shown its efficacy. Having a background in dance and movement therapy, I had previously developed an innovation, EMDR Bilateral Movement Therapy groups, for women with body image issues who are in 3rd stage trauma recovery. (Presented at the 1999 EMDRIA Conference). It was during a conversation with an EMDR trained child psychiatrist about these groups that I realized what a natural application they would have with ADHD children.
372. Withers, D. (2000). EMDR group therapy for children with ADHD, EMDR therapy in the group setting. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter, 21(1), 4 ?.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: For kids with ADHD, movement is medicine. They often are asked to sit still and pay attention when their natural impulse is to move. What if they were validated and encouraged to trust this instinct and to use it creatively? [Author]
373. Wizansky, B. (2007). A clinical vignette: Resource connection in EMDR work with children. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 57-61.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: A vignette is a brief case report that makes a contribution to the literature, but which has used only EMDR's standard protocol measures. This vignette describes a procedure for drawing on and strengthening a child's resources in all phases of EMDR treatment. The procedure facilitates the connection to more authentic and meaningful inner resources that come directly from the child's world, thus strengthening the positive memory networks so that these are available for the child to access when processing his/her traumatic material. Three separate cases are described to illustrate the application. [Author Introduction]
Keywords: School Age Children Stressors Survivors Psychotherapeutic Processes Israelis
374. Wizansky, B. (2001, May). Fashioning EMDR targets with non co-operative Children: Tailoring the technique to the child. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Utilising EMDR with non co-operative children presents a challenge to the therapist's creativity and flexibility. Non co-operation may be based on any one of a number of issues, such as generalised anxiety, strong need for control, fear of experiencing uncomfortable emotions. This paper looks at several clinical manifestations of non co-operation in the therapy room and discusses ways in which these reluctant children have been helped to identify a target problem and process it.
Keywords: Children Non Co-operation
375. Wizansky, B. ( ). Footsteps through the maze - A model for using EMDR with oppositional children. Paper presented at the EMDR Israel Association, Nazereth Ilit, Israel.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: This paper presents a therapeutic model developed to facilitate communication with children who have difficulty cooperating with the therapeutic process. The model utilizes the concept of a Maze metaphorically, in combination with the directed focusing, dual attention, and bilateral stimulation of EMDR in order to meet and process disturbing emotion. Underlying this model is the concept of an internal psychic space, connected to memory and association, wherein reside the child's potential range of emotions. “The Maze”, becomes the metaphor for that space, while a step by step process leads gradually to playful, non threatening communication with the child about his problem. (the entrance). The Footsteps (self drumming on alternate knees) provide the bilateral stimulation and dual attention required by EMDR. These lead the child on his own path to better ways of coping (the exit). Before presenting the model, the paper discusses several points: First, the necessity of touching on this inner space in order to bring about balance and change; second, the difficulties which traumatized, rigidly defended children have in approaching their emotions; and third, the role of cumulative trauma in preserving the child’s defenses and oppositional stance.
Keywords: Opposition Disorder Children
376. Wizansky, B. (2009). Resource connection for children. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 31-42). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Children Resource Connection Protocol
377. Wizansky, B. (2009). Footsteps through the maze. In M. Luber's (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 59-66). New York: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: The Maze Children Protocol
378. Wizansky, B. (2003, May). EMDR with children and adolescents – Resource connections with children: A child’s unique pathway to EMDR processing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Symposium: Children Adolescents
379. Wizansky, B. (2006, September). Footsteps through the maze: A model for facilitating the use of EMDR with children. EMDRIA Newsletter, 11(3), 6-11, 17.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Keywords: Children
380. Yordy, J. (2003, September). Playful approaches to using EMDR with children. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Expand your ability to conduct EMDR with Children by learning how to playfully incorporate a variety of techniques. Learn easy ways to: set up five different types of positive resources, adapt the basic protocol, incorporate therapeutic storytelling effectively, or "externalize the problem" through creating monsters! Discover the fun of playing the "Energy Connection" game to build positive coping strategies and work at emotional stuck points. Whether you enhance your ability to utilize the EMDR protocol or increase your skill at evaluating which EMDR technique to use, you can count on acquiring fresh ideas for improving your EMDR therapy with children.
Keywords: Children Positive Resources Storytelling Monsters Energy Connection Game
381. Yordy, J. [2005]. How trauma affects children & the benefits of EMDR processing. Jan Yordy.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: There are many different factors which need to be taken into account in order to help children resolve the physical, emotional and mental difficulties caused by unresolved trauma. One of the most important factors is having a therapy technique which first desensitizes the trauma memories and then repatterns how the brain stores the previously traumatic information. Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) provides this type of unique treatment which is highly effective for resolving emotional difficulties and traumatic experiences.
Keywords: Trauma Effects Benefits Children
382. Yordy, J. (2005). Using EMDR with children in therapy. Unknown 2005 EMDR conference?.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children
383. Yordy, J. (2008, September). Utilizing brain gym to enhance child EMDR processing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation describes the Triune Brain Theory and recent research on trauma and its effects on brain development and functioning. How the brain functions when stuck in trauma is then integrated with Brain Gym techniques to explain how to facilitate whole brained functioning for effective EMDR processing. In the workshop, participants will learn: To understand the Triune Brain Theory and how evolution has created “bottom up” instead of “top down” processing when overwhelmed by trauma; To identify the energy imbalances in the brain which block EMDR processing and; To demonstrate Brain Gym exercises which correct a traumatized/stressed brain’s “bottom up” processing.
Keywords: Brain Gym Processing Children
384. Yordy, J. (2008, May). Intégration des techniques de gymnastique cérébrale et de psychologie énergétique afin d’améliorer le traitement EMDR avec les enfants et les adultes - [Integrating brain gym & energy techniques to Enhance EMDR processing (for children and adults)]. Paper presented at the EMDR Canada Conference, Montréal, Quebec Canada.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract: Cet atelier regroupe à la fois des éléments de la théorie triunique du cerveau, la kinésiologie éducative et les développements récents sur le fonctionnement du cerveau. Le matériel présenté aidera le thérapeute EMDR à comprendre pourquoi le retraitement des traumas cesse ou bloque pendant les stimulations bilatérales avec
certains clients lorsqu’il cible du matériel traumatique. L’atelier aborde aussi l’évolution et le développement du cerveau et comment des informations sensorielles envahissantes peuvent déclencher des réactions primaires qui bloquent un fonctionnement adapté du cerveau. Une portion de la discussion portera sur la relation entre
les 3 vecteurs énergétiques du cerveau/corps et leur influence sur le retraitement des traumatismes. Enfin, cet atelier présente et offre des outils et stratégies que les cliniciens peuvent utiliser pour aider leurs clients à être
présents, équilibrés et intégrés au plan énergétique de façon à optimiser le travail avec l’EMDR.
Integrating Brain Gym and Energy Techniques to Enhance EMDR Processing is a presentation which
encompasses the Triune Brain Theory, Educational Kinesiology and recent research on Brain development and functioning. Information will be presented which will help EMDR trained therapists to understand why their clients stop processing while conducting bilateral stimulation for issues related to trauma. This workshop will look at evolutionary brain development and how overwhelming sensory information can trigger the brain into habitual “bottom up” processing which will block adaptive functioning. A discussion of the three energy vectors of the brain/body and their influence on trauma processing will also be correlated. The workshop will end with the sharing of practical, hands on tools which therapists can use to assist clients to become energetically present, balanced and to have integrated brain functioning for optimal EMDR processing.
Keywords: Brain Gym Energy Techniques
385. York, C. (2004, June). EMDR and the treatment of children. Paper presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children
386. York, C. (1995, June). Treating severely trauma